Study of Factors Affecting the Outcome in Acute Kidney Injury

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) continues to be associated with high mortality despite the significant improvementin medical care. Factors other than renal functions probably determine the outcome, and their identification is necessary toimprove the prognosis.Materials and Methods: This is a prospective clinical descriptive study done between March 2018 and April 2019. Fifty patientsadmitted to Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Warangal, with AKI were included in the study. Every patient will be evaluatedby detailed history, clinical examination, and relevant investigations.Results: Oliguria or anuria, fever, and altered sensorium were the most common presenting symptoms. Medical causes top firstamong the causes of AKI in 80% followed by surgical 16% and obstetric 4%. Among the medical causes, acute gastroenteritiswith septicemia 34%, severe malaria 20%, and pneumonia with septicemia 10% is the predominant cause. Among surgicalcauses, sepsis following trauma was the leading cause. Among 50 cases, 15 (30%) completely improved, 12 (24%) casesonly partially improved, and 23 (46%) cases not improved and dead. Surgical causes of AKI had 75% mortality rates. Patientspresented with oliguria, altered sensorium, jaundice, or coma, and patients with high mean blood urea and serum creatinine atadmission had high mortality rates. Patients with multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, hyperkalemia, septic shock, hypertension,ischemic heart diseases, and diabetes mellitus had significantly poor outcome.Conclusion: Many factors other than AKI determine the outcome in AKI. Early and prompt diagnosis and treatment of primarydisease-causing AKI with prevention and aggressive treatment of complications can improve the mortality.

A Study of Lipid Profile in Non-Diabetics with Stroke

Aim: The aim is to study the serum lipid profile in non-diabetics with stroke and to determine the significant correlation betweenthem.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients period of 12 months from May 2018–June 2019,Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital for 6 months. Patients and controls were tested for fasting lipid profile 12 h after overnightfast. Participants were 60 patients of non-diabetic stroke and 60 controls. Among the 60 patients, 37 were male and 23 werefemale. In controls, there were 37 males and 23 females. Age- and sex-matched controls were selected. Stroke patients withinfarct or hemorrhage in computed tomography brain were included in the study.Results: In this study, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantlyassociated with the risk of stroke. In this study, 56.7% of patients had high-density lipoprotein <40 mg/dl, 41.7% had TC>200 mg/dl, 65% of them had LDL cholesterol >100 mg/dl, and 43.3% of patients had very LDL >30 mg/dl.