A case report of pediatric mog-antibody disease with Bilateral optic neuritis

MOG – Antibody disease is an inflammatory demyelinating condition of the CNS characterized by a monophasic or relapsing course of neurological dysfunction which does not meet the typical criteria for multiple sclerosis or other known neuro inflammatory conditions and occurs in presence of serum MOG antibodies using specific cell based assays. In pediatric patients MOG antibodies are detected in range of relapsing phenotypes including relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis (RION), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis followed by optic neuritis (ADEM – ON), brain stem demyelination and aquaporin P4 antibody negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-Ab negative NMOSD).MOG positive optic neuritis is frequently bilateral and associated with optic nerve head swelling.It is associated with neurological diseases like Multiple Sclerosis, ADEM or Transverse Myelitis.MOG antibody IgG is detected in serum by indirect fluorescence test.IV Methylprednisolone is the treatment of choice, if it fails to improve vision or if optic neuritis is recurring, then a combination of plasma exchange and IV Methylprednisolone should be considered.Long term immunosuppressants used for Prevention include corticosteroids, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil and rituximab. The optimal preventive therapy has yet to be determined.Once the disease has been diagnosed, uncertainty remains over the best treatment approach and clinical trials for the pharmacological management of MOG- antibody optic neuritis are still needed

Fermentation, isolation, purification and characterization of an antitubercular antibiotic from Streptomyces luridus MTCC 4402.

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continues to be a serious public health problem around the world, and it urges the need for development of new antitubercular drugs. An antibiotic producing strain, Streptomyces luridus (MTCC 4402) was earlier isolated from soil by our group. In this work, the phylogenic status was established by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The strain was found to be active against clinically resistant strains. The culture was grown in shake flasks in a medium containing cornsteep liquor, glucose, CaCO3, soyabean meal and starch. Antibiotic production reached maximum at the end of 72 h. and fermentation profile was obtained. The active compound was extracted into ethyl acetate and was subjected to activity guided purification by column chromatography using silica gel, TLC and HPLC methods. The pure compound eluted at 16.7 min. by gradient elution was subjected to 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectral analyses. The acquired data was compared with that of natural products’ data base and found to be a known antibiotic, spiramycin. The purified compound was studied for mutagenic, cytotoxicity, antitubercular activities. It was non mutagenic at the concentration of 1000 mg/mL, non cytotoxic and active as antitubercular agent at a concentration of 64 mg/mL and was comparable to rifampicin.

Enhanced Bioavailability of Nimodipine from Bioadhesive Buccal Bilayered Patches in Human Volunteers.

Aims: The objective of the present study was to develop a bioadhesive bilayered buccal patch of Nimodipine (15 mg) using Eudragit Rs 100 as secondary layer and a primary layer with Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose and Hydroxy propyl cellulose JF. Methodology: Bilayered buccal patches were prepared by solvent casting technique. The absence of physiochemical interactions between NMDP and the polymer were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Bilayered buccal patches of NMDP were evaluated for in vitro drug permeation through porcine buccal membrane, in vitro drug release, moisture absorption, surface pH, mechanical properties and in vitro bioadhesion. Results: The results indicated that suitable bioadhesive bilayered buccal patches with desired permeability could be prepared. The bioavailability study was performed in healthy humans in a crossover experimental design. Bioavailability studies revealed that nimodipine possessed good buccal absorption. The relative bioavailability of the optimized buccal patch was found to be 205% in comparison to 30 mg marketed oral tablet. The formulation CC3 showed 68.84 ± 1.4% release and 46.85 ± 5.1% of drug permeated through porcine buccal membrane in 4 hr. A good correlation was seen between percentage in vitro release the extent of bioavailability for nimodine buccal patch. Conclusion: An improvement of bioavailability was obtained by buccal route to the extent of 2.05 times higher than that of oral route for NMDP. Hence, the development of a bioadhesive bilayered buccal patch for NMDP might be a promising one, as the necessary dose of drug could be decreased, resulting less side effects. Good ex vivo - in vivo correlation was obtained for NMDP.