Challenges of valve surgeries in post-renal transplant patients.

Renal transplantation remains a mainstay of therapy for the end‑stage renal disease. Cardiac disease has a high prevalence in this patient population. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death among kidney transplantation patients. The cardiac disease accounts for 43% of all‑cause mortality among dialysis patients and for ≈38% of all‑cause mortality after transplantation. In this article, we review the factors and outcomes associated with valve surgeries in renal transplant recipients and evaluate the strategy for open heart surgery after renal transplantation performed.