N-acetylcysteine versus dopamine to prevent acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in patients with preexisting moderate renal insufficiency

Abstract Objective: Acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery is associated with mortality and morbidity. Therefore, strategies to prevent acute kidney injury are very important. The aim of this placebo-controlled randomized double-blind study was to compare the prophylactic efficacy of N-Acetylcysteine and dopamine administration in patients with pre-existing moderate renal insufficiency who were undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: This study included 135 patients with pre-existing moderate renal insufficiency who were scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Serum creatinine and GFR were recorded preoperatively and on the first and second postoperative days. Results: On the first and second postoperative days, the drugs used showed statistically significant differences among the creatinine groups (P<0.001). According to Tukey’s HSD, on the first and second PO, the creatinine of Group N, D and P were significantly different (P<0.001). On the first and second PO, the used drugs showed statistically significant differences among the effects of eGFR (P<0.001). According to Tukey’s HSD on the first postoperative day, the average eGFR score of Group N compared to D and P were significantly difference (P<0.001). On the second postoperative day, the eGFR of Group N and D showed no difference (P=0.37), but P showed a difference (P<0.001). Conclusion: We found that the prophylactic use of intravenous N-Acetylcysteine had a protective effect on renal function, whereas the application of renal dose dopamine did not have a protective effect in patients with pre-existing moderate renal failure.

The predictive value of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels on outcome in children with pulmonary hypertension undergoing congenital heart surgery / O valor preditivo do peptídeo natriurético tipo-B em resultados de crianças com hipertensão pulmonar submetidas à cirurgia cardíaca congênita / El valor predictivo del plasma en niveles de péptido natriurético tipo B, y los resultados en niños con hipertensión pulmonar en proceso de cirugía de cardiopatía congénita

Background and objectives: In children undergoing congenital heart surgery, plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels may have a role in development of low cardiac output syndrome that is defined as a combination of clinical findings and interventions to augment cardiac output in children with pulmonary hypertension. Methods: In a prospective observational study, fifty-one children undergoing congenital heart surgery with preoperative echocardiographic study showing pulmonary hypertension were enrolled. The plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels were collected before operation, 12, 24 and 48 h after operation. The patients enrolled into the study were divided into two groups depending on: (1) Development of LCOS which is defined as a combination of clinical findings or interventions to augment cardiac output postoperatively; (2) Determination of preoperative brain natriuretic peptide cut-off value by receiver operating curve analysis for low cardiac output syndrome. The secondary end points were: (1) duration of mechanical ventilation ≥72 h, (2) intensive care unit stay >7days, and (3) mortality. Results: The differences in preoperative and postoperative brain natriuretic peptide levels of patients with or without low cardiac output syndrome (n = 35, n = 16, respectively) showed significant differences in repeated measurement time points (p = 0.0001). The preoperative brain natriuretic peptide cut-off value of 125.5 pg mL−1 was found to have the highest sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 96.9% in predicting low cardiac output syndrome in patients with pulmonary hypertension. A good correlation was found between preoperative plasma brain natriuretic peptide level and duration of mechanical ventilation (r = 0.67, p = 0.0001). Conclusions: In patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing congenital heart surgery, 91% of patients with preoperative plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels above 125.5 pg mL−1 ...

Justificativa e objetivo: Em crianças submetidas à cirurgia cardíaca congênita, os níveis plasmáticos de peptídeo natriurético cerebral (PNC) podem ter um papel no desenvolvimento da síndrome de baixo débito cardíaco (SBDC), definida como uma combinação de achados clínicos e intervenções para aumentar o débito cardíaco em crianças com hipertensão pulmonar. Métodos: Em um estudo prospectivo observacional, foram inscritas 51 crianças submetidas à cirurgia cardíaca congênita, com avaliação ecocardiográfica pré-operatória que mostrava hipertensão pulmonar. Os níveis plasmáticos de PNC foram avaliados antes e 12, 24 e 48 h após a operação. Os pacientes incluídos no estudo foram divididos em dois grupos em função de: (1) desenvolvimento de SBDC; (2) determinação dos valores de corte de PNC no pré-operatório pela análise da curva de funcionamento do receptor para SBDC. Os desfechos secundários foram: (1) duração da ventilação mecânica ≥ 72 h, (2) permanência em unidade de terapia intensiva > 7 dias e (3) mortalidade. Resultados: Os níveis de PNC nos períodos pré- e pós-operatório dos pacientes com ou sem SBDC (n = 35, n = 16, respectivamente) apresentaram diferenças significantes nos tempos de mensuração repetidos (p = 0,0001). O valor de corte de PNC de 125,5 pg mL−1 no pré-operatório obteve a maior sensibilidade de 88,9% e especificidade de 96,9% para prever a SBDC em pacientes com hipertensão pulmonar. Uma boa correlação foi descoberta entre o nível plasmático de PNC no pré-operatório e duração a ventilação mecânica (r = 0,67, p = 0,0001). Conclusões: Em ...

Justificación y objetivo: En niños sometidos a cirugía de cardiopatía congénita, los niveles plasmáticos de péptido natriurético cerebral pueden tener un papel en el desarrollo del síndrome de bajo gasto cardíaco, definido como una combinación de hallazgos clínicos e intervenciones para aumentar el gasto cardíaco en niños con hipertensión pulmonar. Métodos: En un estudio prospectivo observacional, se inscribieron 51 niños sometidos a cirugía de cardiopatía congénita, y cuya evaluación ecocardiográfica preoperatoria mostró hipertensión pulmonar. Los niveles plasmáticos de péptido natriurético cerebral fueron evaluados antes de la operación, y 12, 24 y 48 h después de la operación. Los pacientes incluidos en el estudio fueron divididos en 2 grupos en función de: (1) desarrollo de síndrome de bajo gasto cardíaco, definido como una combinación de hallazgos clínicos o de intervenciones para aumentar el gasto cardíaco en el postoperatorio; (2) determinación de los valores de corte de péptido natriurético cerebral en el preoperatorio por el análisis de la curva de funcionamiento del receptor para el síndrome de bajo gasto cardíaco. Los resultados secundarios fueron: (1) duración de la ventilación mecánica ≥ 72 h, (2) permanencia en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) > 7 días, y (3) mortalidad. Resultados: Los niveles de péptido natriurético cerebral en los períodos pre y postoperatorio de los pacientes con o sin síndrome de bajo gasto cardíaco (n = 35 y n = 16, respectivamente) tuvieron diferencias significativas en los tiempos de medida repetidos (p = 0,0001). El valor de corte de péptido natriurético cerebral de 125,5 pg/mL−1 en el preoperatorio obtuvo la mayor ...