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Abstract Objective: We aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway on the expression of IL-10 and VEGF in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Methodology: Human JBMSCs were isolated and cultured. Then, HMGB1 was added into the JBMSCs culture medium, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of IL-10 and VEGF were assessed. Moreover, cells were pretreated with a specific TLR4 inhibitor (TAK-242), and the expression changes of IL-10 and VEGF were compared. Results: Compared with the control group, exposure to HMGB1 in human JBMSCs up-regulated TLR4, IL-10, and VEGF secretion at both protein and mRNA levels (P<0. 05). In addition, the increased expression of IL-10 and VEGF could be restrained in TAK-242 group compared with the HMGB1 group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results indicated that HMGB1 activate TLR4 signaling pathway in Human JBMSCs, which plays a regulatory role in cytokines expression.
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Objective@# Comparision of the central location ability and clearance rate of ProTaper retreatment, Fengdu O-file and M3-RT three kinds of nickel-titanium instruments and hand stainless instruments K-file, H-file. Observe the form of the root canal wall. To provide experimental basis and reference for the clinical application of nickel-titanium instruments for root canal retreatment.@*Methods @#40 simulated resin blocks with the same specification were randomly divided into four groups (n=10). Each group was separately prepared with hand stainless instruments K-file and H-file (group A1), ProTaper retreatment (group B1), Fengdu O-file (group C1), and M3-RT (group D1). Using scanner to obtain the pre- and post-operative images and overlapping the images through Photoshop. Measuring the root canal inner and outer wall resin removal with Image J, compared the central location ability of the four group. A total of 60 mandibular single canal premolars extracted due to orthodontics were collected. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=15) after filling the root canal. Use hand stainless instruments K-file,H-file(group A2), ProTaper retreatment (group B2), Fengdu O-file(group C2) , M3-RT(group D2) to remove the filling materials. The roots were longitudinally sectioned, and the image of the root surface was photographed under the 10 × magnification microscope. The software was used to trace the area of the root canal wall and residual root filling, and the root filling clearance rate of each group was calculated. Two teeth were randomly selected in each group and observed under scanning electron microscope.@*Results@#Within 9 mm from the root tip hole, the central location ability of group B1, C1, D1 was better than that of group A1(P ＜ 0.05). At 4 mm from the root tip hole, group D1 has the best central location ability(P ＜ 0.05). There was no difference of the four instruments at a distance of 10 mm from the root tip hole（P ＞ 0.05）. There were various degree of filling material remained in the root canal after the four groups of instruments for retreatment canal preparation. There was no significant difference between group B2, C2, D2（P ＞ 0.05）, and both were higher than group A2(P ＜ 0.05). Scanning electron microscope observation results shown that the root canal wall prepared by group B2, C2, D2 was more smooth and continuous than group A2, and the residual filling material was less. @*Conclusion @#The central location ability of three kinds of nickel-titanium root canal retreatment instruments were significantly better than that of hand stainless instruments. ProTaper retreatment, Fengdu O-file and M3-RT three kinds of nickel-titanium root canal retreatment instruments showed good performance, the central location ability of M3-RT was slightly better. Nickel-titanium root canal retreatment instruments are more efficient than traditional hand stainless instruments in removing root fillings and the root canal wall after preparation is smoother and has good continuity.