RESUMO
Background: Environmental gamma ray refers to the gamma radiation from terrestrial sources and building materials. In enclosed spaces radiation can become a health hazard leading to potential increase in the rates of lung cancer. The goal of this study is to assess the exposure to natural gamma radiation of children in the schools of Zanjan province
Methods: The natural gamma radiation was assessed in 46 primary schools of Zanjan province. A total number of 75 classrooms were studied. The measurements were performed in classrooms and schoolyards using a Geiger-Muller detector [RDS-110]. Alongside radiation measurements, all the data corresponding to the characteristics of each school building were collected
Results: : The results showed that the outdoor dose rate ranged from 82 to 106nSv h-1 while gamma dose rate due to inside classrooms ranged from 106 to 137nSvh-1. The findings represented that the highest indoor gamma dose rate belonged to the buildings of more than 30 years and metal frame and brick [P<0.05]
Conclusion: We concluded that the effective dose due to gamma radiation from terrestrial sources and building materials for students of primary schools in Zanjan province [0.83 mSv] was higher than worldwide average of the annual effective dose [0.48 mSv]
RESUMO
Background: Dithiocarbamates, the main group of fungicides, are used to control about 400 pathogens in more than 70 crops. These pesticides are widely applied to crops including potato, cereal, apple, pear and leafy vegetables throughout the world since 1960. From the late 1980s, using these fungicides has caused much debate among regulators about their long-term effects on consumers and occupational users
Method: In this study the residues of Dithiocarbamates in cucumber and tomato using the colorimetric method [Keppel method] was measured. Respectively 80 and 45 samples of greenhouse cucumber and tomato were collected from Zanjan vegetables center in autumns and winter 2013. The samples were analyzed in 4 treatments of: unwashed, washing with water, washing whit detergent and peeling
Result: The results showed that the average concentration of Dithiocarbamates residues in unwashed greenhouse cucumber and tomatoes were 384.5 micro g/kg and 65 micro g/kg respectively. 35% and 5% of unwashed and water washed cucumber and tomato samples [respectively] had higher Dithiocarbamates residue than MRL recommended by Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran [0.5mg/kg]
Conclusion: The treatments of washing and peeling had significant effect on the reduction of Dithiocarbamates residues in the all samples
RESUMO
Background: Reproduction is an important population concept throughout the world, and demographists consider it among four main life events. Given Iran's population growth policy, this study was conducted to assess the tendency to pregnancy in women in Zanjan
Method: From among health centers in five geographical districts in Zanjan [North, South, East, West, and Center], one was randomly selected from each district, and the study was conducted on a total of 400 people. Data were analyzed in SPSS-16 using descriptive and inferential tests including Chi-square, t-test [mean test] and variance analysis
Results: A total of 186 women [46.5%] desired pregnancy after marriage and 212 [53%] did not. Also, 209 husbands [52.2%] agreed with childbearing after marriage, and 186 [45.5%] disagreed
Conclusion: Childbearing can be encouraged among husbands agreeing with pregnancy of their spouse [more than half] and women attending pregnancy counseling and family planning centers