Pharmaceutico- Analytical Study Of Rasamanikya Prepared By Various Methods

Rasamanikya prepared from Shodhita Haritala is one of the effective and economical medicines used in different skin and respiratory disorders. Different methods are explained in the classics for the preparation of Rasamanikya and few adopted methods are also developed from scholars of Rasashastra depending upon their experience. Present study is aimed at exploring all these methods in detail and any modifications if needed. The Patra Haritala is subjected to different Shodhana procedures in different media, the changes observed are discussed in the article. The yield of Shodhita Haritala was 92% to 96% in different Shodhana methods. Rasmanikya is prepared in six different methods. Sharava samputa method (Method III & IV) can be considered as suitable methods for pharmaceutical preparation of Rasamanikya in large quantity as there was loss of only 11% to 13% drug was noticed. Chemical analysis and X-Ray diffraction of Patra Haritala and Rasamanikya prepared from all the methods is carried as a part of standardization. In Analytical study of all the methods, 44% to 47% of Arsenic and 22 to29% of Sulphur was present in Rasamanikya. X-RD study of Haritala and Rasamanikya samples revealed that crystalline form of Haritala was changed to relatively amorphous form in Rasamanikya prepared by I, II, III and IV methods, which indicates quick and better absorption of the drug Rasamanikya on administration making it one of the economical and potent medicine. Chemically Rasamanikya can be considered as a complex compound of As2S3 and As2O5.

The burden of gestational diabetes mellitus in Jamaican women with a family history of autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVES: To determine if Jamaican women of African descent with a family history of early onset autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes have greater odds of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) than those without a family history of the disease. METHODS: A comparative study was conducted of two groups of pregnant Jamaican women: the first with a family history of early onset autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes; the second with no history of the disease. Incidence, odds for developing GDM, and metabolic profiles in first and second trimesters were assessed using SPSS 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States). RESULTS: The incidence of GDM was 12.0 percent in women with a family history of early onset autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes and 1.5 percent in women without a family history of the disease (P < 0.05). Women with a family history were nine times more likely to develop GDM than those without a family history of diabetes (95 percent confidence interval: 5.00-16.38, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Family history of early onset autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes appears to increase susceptibility to GDM in Jamaican women. Pregnant women of any age with family history of early onset autosomal type 2 diabetes should be screened for GDM.

OBJETIVOS: Determinar si las mujeres jamaicanas de ascendencia africana con antecedentes familiares de inicio temprano de diabetes autosómica dominante tipo 2 tienen mayor probabilidad de desarrollar diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) que las que no tienen esos antecedentes familiares. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio comparativo con dos grupos de mujeres jamaicanas embarazadas: el primero con mujeres que tenían antecedentes familiares de inicio temprano de diabetes autosómica dominante tipo 2 y el segundo con mujeres sin antecedentes familiares de esa enfermedad. Se empleó el programa SPSS v. 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos de América) para analizar los resultados y calcular la incidencia, la probabilidad de desarrollar DMG y los perfiles metabólicos en el primer y el segundo trimestres de gestación. RESULTADOS: La incidencia de DMG fue de 12,0 por ciento en las mujeres con antecedentes familiares de inicio temprano de diabetes autosómica dominante tipo 2 y de 1,5 por ciento en las mujeres sin antecedentes familiares de esa enfermedad (P < 0,05). Las mujeres del primer grupo tuvieron nueve veces más probabilidades de desarrollar DMG que las del segundo grupo (intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento: 5,00 a 16,38; P < 0,0001). CONCLUSIÓN: Los antecedentes familiares de inicio temprano de diabetes autosómica dominante tipo 2 aumentaron la predisposición a sufrir DMG en mujeres jamaicanas. Las mujeres embarazadas con antecedentes familiares de inicio temprano de diabetes autosómica tipo 2 deben someterse a pruebas de tamizaje para DMG, independientemente de su edad.

Amniotic fluid index in the management of the postdates pregnancy

This is a prospective evaluation of the relationship between the amniotic fluid index (AFI) and perinatal outcome in 55 postdates pregnancies. The gravid abdomen was divided into four quadrants, using real-time ultrasound with a 3.5 mHz transducer, the largest pocket of amniotic fluid in each quandran was measured and their sum totalled to arrive at the amniotic fluid index. AFI in this study ranged from 2.8 cm to 22.6 cm. The mean for 41 weeks was 13.52 ñ 4.6 cm and for 42 weeks, 9.93 ñ 4.37 cm. Oligohydramnios was noted in four patients, AFI less than 5.3 cm. Two of these cases developed intrapartum foetal distress and had caesarean section. All four babies were admitted with meconium aspiration and one died from this complication.

Hysteroscopic assessment of abnormal uterine bleeding in users of the intrauterine contraceptive device

Sixty users of the IUD who complained of abnormal menstural blood loss were evaluated by hysteroscopy, and the findings were compared with a matched group who had this investigation for "missing strings". Submucous fibroids and endometritis were more frequentl in the study group whereas malposition of the IUD was commoner in the controls (p<0.05).

Surgery for post-hysterectomy vaginal prolapse

Nine cases treated by surgery for post-hysterctomy vaginal prolapse are reviewed. The mean time between presentation and the antecedent hysterectomy was 12.8 years. Two patients who had abdominal sacral colpopexy alone developed recurrence of prolapse. Additional culdoplasty and colposuspension improved the cure rate but prolonged the mean operating time. Restoration of vaginal anatomy and function is best achieved with the combination operation.