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Introduction: Cancer is the second most common disease in India responsible for maximum mortality with about 0.3 million deaths per year. This is owing to the poor availability of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Almost 9 out of 10 deaths occur from cervical cancer in less developed countries. Cancer of the cervix is largely preventable. The risk can be minimized by promotion of sexual risk reduction behavior and genital hygiene. Further prevention can be achieved by screening, using Visual Inspection with Acidic Acid (VIA) or Pap smear test, which can detect precancerous lesions early so as to prevent progress towards invasive cancer by timely treatment. Materials and Methods: A pre-experimental, One-group pre-test post-test design was undertaken for the study. 300 women were selected as the sample, Non- probability convenient sampling technique was utilized to select the sample from the population. After assessing knowledge video assisted teaching was implemented. After intervention on 7th day the post-test knowledge was assessed. Chi-square was used to measure the association of background variables of patients. ‘t’ test was used to assess the effectiveness of structured interventional programme of the patients. In the comparison between mean pretest and posttest knowledge score it is clear that during the pretest the knowledge score was poor (40%), fair ( 10%), good ( 40%) and excellent ( 10%), and after the administration of video assisted teaching, posttest was done and there was an improvement in the knowledge score of the female by poor (0%), fair (16.7%), good (23.3%) and excellent was( 60%), so there was a great difference in the knowledge score between the pre-test and posttest. Result: The mean pretest knowledge score was 13.67 ± 7.66, while the posttest knowledge score was 23.80 ± 5.53 and the computed t value was found to be 19.105, The difference was found to be statistically significant. There will be significant association between the pretest knowledge score and selected demographic variables at the level of P? 0.05. is accepted as there is significant association between pretest knowledge score and selected demographic variables like religion, marital status, Age of women at marriage, no. of times they have conceived, methods of contraception’s, educational status, occupation, kinds of addiction, recurrent infections, history of cancer in family, previous information regarding cancer, history of pap test. Conclusion: The study recommended the utilization of video assisted teaching programme by community health nurses, nurse researchers, nurse administrators, nurse educators and health care professionals to improve knowledge of early detection of cervical cancer.
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Background. The sudden death of 10 children in a tribal village of Kandhamal district, Odisha in eastern India led to this investigation. Methods. We conducted a door-to-door survey to identify cases. Antibodies for Chandipura, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, chikungunya and West Nile viruses were tested by ELISA in probable cases. Chandipura virus RNA was tested from both human blood samples and sand flies by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We conducted vector surveys in domestic and peridomestic areas, and collected sand flies. Results. Entomological investigations revealed the presence of Phlebotomus argentipes and Sergentomiya sp. Thirty-five patients presented with fever, 12 of them had altered sensorium including 4 who had convulsions. The blood samples of 21 patients were tested; four samples revealed Chandipura virusspecific IgM antibody. Conclusion. Chandipura virus infection causing encephalitis affected this tribal population in eastern India at 1212 m above sea level. Natl Med J India 2015;28:185–7
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The present study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticle using Morus nigra leaf extract were used as reducing agent for reduction of silver nitrate solution. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy. The SEM analysis has shown that size of silver nanoparticles synthesized from leaves extract of M.nigra was 200 nm and seems to be spherical in morphology. Morphology of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles is nearly spherical and of size ranges from 300-500 nm. The average particle size analyzed from SEM analysis was observed to be 350 nm. This article has discussed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles generated from plant extract, characterization and antibacterial analysis. In this study the antibacterial activity was examined against six MTCC cultures collected from IMTECH Chandigarh, Including both gram positive and gram negative bacteria such as P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, B.subtilis, E.coli, P.flourescens and Streptococus mutans. Out of these strains the antimicrobial activity of the silver nanoparticles showed maximum zone of inbhition against P.flourescens (22 mm), P.aeruginosa (19 mm), S.aureus (18 mm) and least effective against E.coli (15mm). In contrast chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles were found most effective against S.aureus (13 mm) and B.subtilis (12mm) and almost ineffective against Streptococcus mutans (6 mm) and P.flourescens (4 mm). In the concluding remarks, the silver nanoparticles synthesized using M.nigra leaves extract would be a better antimicrobial effective against various bacterial species.