RESUMO
Background: Hypertension is most commonly documented modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of data proposes an appreciated pathogenic role of an elevated serum uric acid in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increased oxidative stress could be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Oxidative stress marker, serum uric acid (SUA) and serum malondialdyhyde level (S. MDA) are affected by both genetic and environmental factors and related to biological factors as gender, age and body mass. So, the aim of the study is to access the association of body mass index (BMI) with oxidative stress parameters in essential hypertension (EHT).Methods: For the said purpose, this case control study was carried out on a total of 200, age and sex matched 75 hypertensives, 75 prehypertensive and 50 healthy subjects. After diagnosis of cases, SUA was estimated by standard kit method and S. MDA was estimated manually by Buege and Aust method.Results: This study represents that systolic and diastolic blood pressure were increased with increased BMI in all groups. Oxidative stress marker, SUA and S. MDA level increased significantly with increasing BMI in all groups and were positively correlated.Conclusions: Our study indicates that monitoring of the blood pressure, SUA and S. MDA at regular interval and maintaining of the oxidative balance would be helpful in preventing the development of hypertension and associated cardio-vascular morbidities.
RESUMO
Purpose of the study: Physical training results in favorable cardiovascular changes and that autonomic nervous system “the prime mediator” of these changes. Aim: The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that short duration of physical training may result in improved Cardiovascular recovery profile in humans. Material and Methods: Over a two month period, 58 healthy adult volunteers in age group of 17 to 20 years, the study was conducted in the Department of Physiology Gandhi Medical College Bhopal. Cardiovascular physical performance parameters were measured in terms of heart rate and blood pressure during physical exercise (Bicycle ergometery) as well as post exercise period. A standard battery of autonomic function tests including both activity and reactivity was used.Sympathetic reactivity is evaluated by diastolic blood pressure response to hand grip test and Parasympathetic reactivity is evaluated by heart rate variability during deep breathing. Results and Interpretation: In the present study heart rate increased with physical exercise linearly upto day 5th, after that increase in heart rate was less. Students ‘ t’ test revealed a statistically significant (P< 0.001) decline in heart rate value recorded on day 1 and day 15th.With training , there is rise in systolic blood pressure with decrease of diastolic blood pressure which is statistically significant, but the observation revealed that the systolic and diastolic pressure values on day 1st and 15th did not show any statistically significant change with exercise. Sympathetic reactivity as evaluated by diastolic blood pressure response to hand grip test showed a decrease at 4th minute though it was not statistically significant. Parasympathetic reactivity is evaluated by heart rate variability during deep breathing which is not statistically significant. Conclusion: It could be concluded from our study that a short term physical training improved the cardiovascular status in humans by increased reading of blood pressure at beginning of exercise due to rapid vagal withdrawal and decreased reading of blood pressure after training due to increase in vagal tone. A trend of an increase in parasympathetic tone and decrease in sympathetic tone was observed.