A Study of Biochemical Changes of Rocuronium Bromide and other Muscle Relaxants in Cardiac Surgery

Introduction: CAPD is one of the renal replacement therapieswhich is gaining popularity in the developing world especiallyIndia. This study was aimed to study the clinical profile andcomplication of Complications of Continuous AmbulatoryPeritoneal Dialysis (CAPD).Material and Methods: Patients on CAPD at our center wereevaluated for their clinical profile, complication and outcomeon follow-up.Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study.There were 66%males and 34% females. Mean age of thepatients was 47.95± 6 years. Hypertension was seen as etiologyin 36%, Diabetes in 27%, chronic glomerulonephritis in 22%,Analgesic nephropathy in 4%, Obstructive nephropathy in 3%and in 4% cases no obvious cause for CKD could be found.Among the complications pain was seen in 11%, pericatheterleak in 5%, bleeding 7%, intestinal perforation in 2%, herniain 5%, total obstruction in 4%, exit site infection in 7%,tunnel infection in 2% and total 111 episodes of peritonitis.Technique survival at 1 year and 2 years was 97%and 94%respectively. Patient survival at one and two years was 90%and 78% respectivelyConclusion: CAPD presents a viable form of renalreplacement therapy. There has been sustained decrease incomplication rates and improvement in technique and patientsurvival with advancement in catheter implantation andcomplication management

Role of high sensitivity C- reactive protein as a marker of inflammation and its prognostic significance in chronic kidney disease patients

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinical syndrome due to irreversible renal dysfunction leading to excretory, metabolic and synthetic failure culminating into accumulation of non-protein nitrogenous substances and present with various clinical manifestations. Elevated circulating concentrations of CRP are a common phenomenon in ESRD patients. The prevalence and magnitude of inflammation increases as renal function declines.Methods: The current cross-sectional observation study was conducted in Rajendra institute of medical sciences, Ranchi during study period October 2015 to September 2017 on admitted patients with chronic kidney disease. 90 patients of different age groups between 16-75 years were enrolled in the study. Samples were selected by using simple random sampling method. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients.Results: 85.6% of the patients studied were males and 14.4% of the patients were females. Most cases of CKD were associated with hypertension (77.8%) out of which there were 62 males and 8 females, followed by DM (25.5%) where there were 20 males and 3 females. 44.4% cases had an elevated level of hs-CRP (more than 3 mg/L) while 55.6% patients had hs-CRP below 3 mg/l. Out of 40 high hs-CRP patients, 35 were male and 5 were female. Patients with elevated creatinine level had significant high hs-CRP level.Conclusions: Chronic kidney diseases, Cardiovascular disease, HS-CRP, Inflammation

High Myopia: Incidence, Pathogenesis And Management

Myopia is one of the most prevalent disorders of the eye. High myopia is associated with comorbidities that increase risks of severe and irreversible loss of vision, such as retinal detachment, subretinal neovascularization, dense cataract, and glaucoma. Myopia, commonly referred to as shortsightedness, is a common cause of visual disability throughout the world. The World Health Organization has grouped myopia and uncorrected refractive error with cataract, macular degeneration, infectious disease, and vitamin A deficiency among the leading causes of blindness and vision impairment in the world.1

Study of factors associated with open defecation in a rural area of Nalanda District

Open defecation has many health hazards. Still, it is rampant in different parts of the country. The present study was conducted to find the prevalence of open defecation and factors associated with this behaviour among residents of rural area of Nalanda District. Open defecation was practiced by 35% of rural population. It was significantly associated with age (p=0.02), sex (p=0.01), education (p=0.00) and occupation (p=0.00). Association with caste (p=0.23), type of family (p=0.63) and type of housing (p=0.053) was not significant. Open defecation has strong roots in our culture and access/ availability of toilets poses many challenges.

Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Tubotympanic Type of CSOM.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with tubotympanic type of CSOM. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 110 patients at Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre Teerthankar Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh over a period of 12 months. Patients clinically diagnosed as tubotympanic type of CSOM were included in this study. Each of these patients was subjected to complete history and thorough ENT examination after taking proper written informed consent. Clinical and laboratory data from the study was recorded as per the pro forma. Results: Analysis of collected data revealed that maximum cases were found to be in the second or third decade. There was a male preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1.3:1.0. Rural patients were more as compared to those from urban background. Of the total 112 ears examined 29 (25.9%) ears had normal hearing while, 71 (63.4%) ears had pure conductive hearing loss, and remaining 12(10.7%) with mixed loss. Medium sized central perforation with anteroinferior and posteroinferior quadrant involvement was most common and was seen in 37.5% ears. Conclusion: The result of the present study and its similarities with a number of published articles state that CSOM is a main source of tremendous health predicament.

Otoendoscopic Repair of Traumatic Perforation of Tympanic Membrane.

Background: To assess the closure rates and time required for closure traumatic perforation of tympanic membrane using otoendoscopes and compare with existing data. Methods: Seven patients of slap trauma leading to perforation of Pars Tensa of Tympanic Membrane divided into type A with no loss of TM surface area and type B with definite loss of TM surface area. Edge approximation and gel foam reinforcement for type A and gel foam packing and paper patch reinforcement for type B perforation was done. Results: Both groups had better rates of closer and less time required for closure than the reported data. Group A had excellent healing. Conclusion: Using otoendoscopes and intervening in traumatic perforation cases has beneficial effects.

Ebola Virus a Major Threat for Dental Professionals: A Review Article.

Ebola virus (EBOV) is the causative agent of lethal viral hemorrhagic fever. Since 1970, it has been found in sub-Saharan Africa. However, a current epidemic of 2014-2015, in West Africa, is caused by Zaire species of EBOV. This EBOV belongs to Filoviridae family. Term Filoviridae is derived from Latin word “Filum” meaning thread like based on its filamentous structure. Transmission of this virus can occur through various modes such as person to person, through animals and other routes. Person to person transmission occurs through direct contact with blood, body fluids, or skin of patients. Till date, there has been no reported case of transmission of the virus through saliva. However, some studies have confirmed the fact that all cases with detectable serum level of EBOV ribonucleic acid also show their level in saliva and also considering the fact that incubation period for all bodily fluids including saliva is 21 days. Thus, dental professionals are at risk of acquiring infection if infection control measures are not used. Hence, oral health care professionals should have a thorough knowledge about the oral manifestations of the disease to prevent life-threatening complications.

Comprehensive review of anti-tubercular treatment induced liver injury.

The challenge in the management of tuberculosis is further compounded by the liver injury associated with anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) drugs. The problem of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) associated with ATT drugs is significant in the developing countries because of high disease burden, limited monitoring due to scarce resources and lack of awareness. There is heterogeneity in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the various first line ATT drugs. There are various genetic and environmental factors that affect DILI. Various guidelines have been proposed to treat and monitor DILI. This article reviews the problem, risk factors, mechanism, and management strategies of the DILI associated with ATT.

Utilization of intron-flanking EST-specific markers in the genetic characterization of Artemisia annua genotypes from the trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh, India.

Genetic variation was assessed utilizing intron-flanking EST-specific markers among genotypes of Artemesia annua collected from two sampling sites viz. Nubra (9,600 ft) and Leh (11,500 ft) valleys of the trans-Himalayan region, Ladakh, India. The available ESTs (3,60,906) sequences of A. annua were aligned with the genomic sequences of Arabidopsis to developed ‘intron-flanking’ EST-PCR based primers. These primers anneal with the conserved region of exon (flanking to the intron) and amplified the introns. Out of the 39 primers selected and tested on 20 genotypes of A. annua, we successfully exploited 81 codominant intron length polymorphism (ILP) markers, with an average of 2.08 markers per primer and 92.04% polymorphism detection. Clustering of genotypes revealed distribution of genotypes into 2 distinct clusters with respect to their site of collection. Significantly, this study demonstrates that Arabidopsis genome sequence can be useful in developing gene-specific PCR-based markers for other non-model plant species like A. annua in the absence of genome sequences.

A radiographic correlation between systemic disorders and pulp stones.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between pulp stones and cardiovascular disorders, Type II diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disorders and dental wear defects. This study also aims to evaluate the frequency of pulp stone in population of Dakshina Kannada district (Karnataka, India) and to determine association of pulp stones in different sexes, tooth type, dental arches and sides. Patients and Methods: A total of 1432 teeth of five groups were examined, comprising of patients with C.V.S. disorders; Type II diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disorders, dental wear defects and control group. Teeth were examined under 2Χ magnification on radio visiograph (RVG) and conventional intra-oral periapical radiograph. The presence or absence of pulp stones were recorded. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square analysis was used to compare the frequency of occurrence of pulp stones between sexes, tooth type, dental arches and sides. Results: Pulp stones were found in 134 (9.35%) of 1432 teeth detected. Significantly, higher numbers of pulp stones were recorded in patients with cardiovascular disorder (15.86%) than other groups. The occurrence of pulp stones were significantly higher in molars (18.29%) than premolars (6.6%) and in maxillary arch (12.36%) than in mandibular arch (5.95%). No significant difference was found between sexes and sides. Conclusion: Positive correlation was found between systemic disorder and pulp stones. Cardiovascular patients had maximum number of pulp stones followed by dental-wear defects and least number of pulp stones were evident in control group.

QTL analysis for some quantitative traits in bread wheat / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted in bread wheat for 14 important traits utilizing data from four different mapping populations involving different approaches of QTL analysis. Analysis for grain protein content (GPC) suggested that the major part of genetic variation for this trait is due to environmental interactions. In contrast, pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (PHST) was controlled mainly by main effect QTL (M-QTL) with very little genetic variation due to environmental interactions; a major QTL for PHST was detected on chromosome arm 3AL. For grain weight, one QTL each was detected on chromosome arms 1AS, 2BS and 7AS. QTL for 4 growth related traits taken together detected by different methods ranged from 37 to 40; nine QTL that were detected by single-locus as well as two-locus analyses were all M-QTL. Similarly, single-locus and two-locus QTL analyses for seven yield and yield contributing traits in two populations respectively allowed detection of 25 and 50 QTL by composite interval mapping (CIM), 16 and 25 QTL by multiple-trait composite interval mapping (MCIM) and 38 and 37 QTL by two-locus analyses. These studies should prove useful in QTL cloning and wheat improvement through marker aided selection.

Learning phacoemulsification. Results of different teaching methods.

We report the learning curves of three eye surgeons converting from sutureless extracapsular cataract extraction to phacoemulsification using different teaching methods. Posterior capsule rupture (PCR) as a per-operative complication and visual outcome of the first 100 operations were analysed. The PCR rate was 4% and 15% in supervised and unsupervised surgery respectively. Likewise, an uncorrected visual acuity of > or = 6/18 on the first postoperative day was seen in 62 (62%) of patients and in 22 (22%) in supervised and unsupervised surgery respectively.