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Background: In neuropsychological assessment, the time taken by a subject or patient to respond tostimulus provides valuable information about processing in central and peripheral nervous system. Reactiontime is a simple and inexpensive method commonly used in cognitive and sport physiology to assess thesensory-motor performance of an individual.Objective: To compare and validate the baseline values of simple reaction time obtained using the PC 1000Hz reaction timer with Biopac® MP 36.Materials and Methods: 50 healthy subjects (32 males and 18 females) with age of 22.78±3.90 yrs andBMI of 24.820±3.59 kg/m2 participated. Visual (VRT) and auditory (ART) reaction time were estimated usingPC 1000 Hz reaction timer and Biopac® MP 36 separately for minimum of three trials each.Results: There was no significant difference found in ART and VRT values of the subjects estimated by PC1000 Hz and Biopac® MP 36. A strong significant (P<0.01) correlation was found in ART (r=0.92) and VRT(r=0.94) in between the devices. Bland Altman plot also showed that variations for VRT and ART were withinthe acceptable range.Conclusion: The present validation study recommend that the assessment of simple reaction time forauditory and visual stimulus by PC 1000 Hz reaction timer is reliable one and compared with other techniquesit has more advantages such as portable in nature and simplicity to use either in laboratory or in fieldoriented study for the evaluation of psychomotor and cognitive function.
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Background: Surgeries are associated with significant postoperative pain. Postoperative pain is usually of longer duration and recurs after few hours. The caudal epidural block is considered as the procedure of choice for pain relief in such cases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the postoperative analgesic efficacy of epidurally administered Bupivacaine and Tramadol in surgeries including cesarean sections and other gynecological surgeries. Aim of the Study: Effectiveness of bupivacaine and tramadol in postoperative pain management Materials and methods: A total of 100 cases were included in this study between the age group of 15 years and 65 years. They were grouped into group A - Bupivacaine group and group B - Tramadol group. Results: The mean interval between 1st and 2nd dose in Group A was 268.15 minutes and in Group B was 398.35 minutes. Dose intervals between 2nd and 3rd dose in Group A were 279.52 minutes and in Group B 371.41 minutes. Dose intervals between 3rd and 4th dose in Group A were 266.42 and in Group B was 321.15 minutes. There were no cases which required the 4th dose of the drug in this study. Conclusion: Postoperative consumption of analgesia was higher in the Bupivacaine group. Epidural tramadol 100 mg in 10 ml provides better and longer duration of anesthesia with rapid onset and no incidence of complications.