A study on serum lipid and malondialdehyde levels among diabetic patients

Background: Elevated levels of lipid peroxide in diabetes mellitus may be due to the alteration of function of erythrocytes membrane. This inhibits the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme leading to accumulation of superoxide radicals which cause the maximum lipid peroxidation and tissue damage in diabetes. The objectives was to study was done with the objectives of assessing the serum lipid and malondialdehyde levels among diabetic population and matched control group.Methods: This study was done among 50 NIDDM, 50 IDDM and 50 controls at Thanjavur Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India for a period of one year at the Department of Diabetology after getting the informed consent and IEC clearance. This study included all ambulatory NIDDM and IDDM patients without any complications. The following investigations like serum malondialdehyde, blood sugar, HBA1C, serum lipid profile, blood urea, serum creatinine, urine albumin and sugar were done by standardized procedures and reagents after getting the detailed history and examination.Results: Among NIDDM group 78% were between 6.4 to 8 categories whereas in IDDM group only 28% were in this 6.4 to 8 category (HBA1C). Comparison of serum MDA values among three groups were done by ANOVA with two groups separately and it was highly significant. Multiple comparison of mean difference of MDA and lipid values among all the three groups showed statistically significant results with p value at 0.05.Conclusions: Lipid profile is increased in poor glycemic controlled patients (both IDDM and NIDDM patients) and it is reflected in high serum malondialdehyde levels.

A paradoxical presentation of rickets and secondary osteomyelitis of the jaw in Type II autosomal dominant osteopetrosis: Rare case reports.

Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic bone disorder arising due to a defect in the differentiation or function of osteoclast which results in a generalized increase in bone mass. Osteomyelitis is one of the most common complications because of decreased bone marrow function and compromised blood supply. Radiologist plays a vital role in diagnosing osteopetrosis. Here, we present two cases of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis Type II (ADO II) with secondary osteomyelitis changes which were reported to our department. One of these two cases presented with secondary osteomyelitis in both maxilla and mandible and features of rickets, which is very rarely seen in ADO II. To the best of our knowledge, the presentation of rickets with ADO is the first of its kind to be reported. In this paper, we describe the clinical and radiological features leading to the diagnosis of ADO in these two patients. Further, a review of the literature regarding ADO is discussed.

Wide Palatal Cleft - Single Stage or Two Stage Closure.

Clefts of lip and palate presents a distressing blow to the family of the patient and their surgical correction a challenging task for the reconstructive surgeon. The patients affected with this deformity are handicapped by the psychological feeling of separation from the society in addition to the horror of a chain of surgeries and visits to the dental office. In addition to these single procedures requiring two stage approach add to the existing sequence further hampering the psychological well being of the patient. Closure of a wide palatal cleft often entails a two stage closure to ensure proper speech and functional outcomes to prevent future dehiscence of wounds leading to fistulae formation. This paper discusses the report of a patient reporting with wide palatal cleft of hard and soft palate treated by a single stage closure in an attempt to reduce the number of surgical procedures for the patient, resulting in a satisfactory treatment outcome considering the width of the cleft and age of the patient at the time of presentation.

Removal of Large Complex Odontoma- Closure of Defect With Buccal Pad of Fat.

odontomas are mixed benign odontogenic tumors because of their origin from epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Complex odontomas involve more pathological changes than compound odontomas. Odontomas are commonly treated by conservative surgical approach and have less probability of recurrence. During Surgical treatment of large odontomas, a large portion of bone has to be excised. Different Graft options have been discussed in the literature for continuity of this defects. In this case report , an attempt was made to reconstruct a large surgical defect created after surgical excision of a considerably large complex odontome of maxilla by using autografts harvested from the neighbouring buccal area to avoid morbidity of the donor site and the results are satisfactory.

En Toto Removal of A Large Dentigerous Cyst: A Case Report.

Dentigerous cyst is most common odontogenic cyst after radicular cyst.Dentigerous cyst associated with crown of impacted tooth or developing teeth.Generally dentigerous cysts are treated by enucleation .If cyst is large treated by marsupialization followed by enucleation to prevent pathological fracture. In present case we have removed large dentigerous cyst en-toto under local anaesthesia.

Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection & liver disease among injection drug users (IDUs) in Chennai, India.

Background & Objectives: We characterized HCV antibody prevalence, viral persistence, genotype and liver disease prevalence among IDUs in Chennai, India as the study of the association of HIV with each of these states is important and there are no data available. Methods: Between 2005-2006, 1158 IDUs were recruited and followed semi-annually. All were tested for HCV antibodies at baseline; a random sample of 400 antibody positives (200 HIV-positive and 200 HIV-negative) were tested for HCV RNA; 13 of these were sequenced. Assessment of asparate amino transferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) was done on 557 IDUs. Prevalence ratios of each outcome were examined. Results: Median age was 35 yr; 99 per cent were male. HCV antibody prevalence was 55 per cent and was associated with older age, being unmarried, longer injection history, tattoo and injecting at a dealer’s place. Of the 400 HCV antibody positive IDUs, 281 (70.3%) had persistent infection which was less common among hepatitis B-infected persons but not associated with HIV. Of the 13 samples sequenced, 11 (85%) were HCV genotype 3a. Fibrosis prevalence according to APRI was: HIV/HCV-uninfected, 4 per cent; HIV mono-infected, 3 per cent; HCV mono-infected, 11 per cent; HIV/HCV co-infected, 12 per cent (P<0.001). In addition to being associated with HCV and HIV/HCV, fibrosis prevalence was higher among those drinking alcohol frequently; daily marijuana use was protective. Interpretation & Conclusions: Our findings show that IDUs in Chennai have high HCV prevalence and associated disease burden. The burden will increase as access to antiretroviral therapy improves particularly given the high prevalence of HIV, HCV and alcohol use.