Integrative Approach in the Management of Janusandhivata w.s.r. to Osteoarthritis

Janusandhivata is a Vataj disorder in which Vata resides in Janu sandhi (Vimarga gaman) and produces various signs and symptoms according to its Gunas. In modern sciences Janusandhivata is correlated with osteoarthritis. In the present study integrative measures like allopathy medicines, Ayurvedic medicines and Karmas, yoga, naturopathy and exercises are studied for the effective relief of symptoms of Janu sandhigata vata i.e., OA. Integrative measures are studied to provide effective and fast relief to the patient. Modern treatment provides instant relief while on the other hand Ayurveda heals by curing the disease from root and is considered Apunarbhav chikitsa which means it prevents recurrence of the disease. Other measures aid in achieving the ultimate goal of cure from the disease.

Development of Protocol for Production of Primary Antibody against Ovalbumin Protein in Chicken for Detection of the Protein through Western Blotting

Ovalbumin, a major protein of egg white plays many roles including providing nutrition to the developing embryo, acting as coagulating agent, folliculogenesis and angiogenesis in chicken and other animals. This protein is expressed mainly in magnum and then deposited over the yolk of the oocyte/zygote. Hence, it is important in formation of egg and is an essential target to measure. We cloned chicken ovalbumin CDS in pAcGFP-C1 vector and has been initially expressed in chicken primary magnum cell culture. The ovalbumin protein tagged with 6x Histidine was purified from cell culture and used for production of primary antibody in rat. The ovalbumin protein along with freund’s adjuvant was injected to the rat, booster was given, and finally, hyper-immune sera was collected from rat. The antisera was purified for isolation of IgG. The IgG was used as primary antibody for Western blotting. Through Western blotting, ovalbumin protein isolated from chicken magnum was detected and the protocol was established to detect chicken ovalbumin protein.

Differential Expression of Serum Lysozyme Allelic Variants in Muzaffarnagri Sheep

Lysozyme degrades the bacterial cell walls and gives rise to degradation product that stimulates and activates the immune system. Several gram positive and gram negative bacteria were found to be susceptible to different degree of purified lysozyme. Variation in promoter region may regulate the expression of a particular gene. Hence, considering lysozyme gene a potential marker for general immune response, expression pattern of various genotypes on the basis of variations in promoter region is investigated in Muzaffarnagri sheep. A 268 bp fragment spanning partial promoter, exon 1 and partial intron 1 of serum lysozyme gene were amplified and sequenced. Sequencing revealed five genotypes AA, AB, AC, BB and CC and consequently three alleles A, B and C in Muzaffarnagri sheep. Differential expression study of various genotypes by real time pcr revealed significant difference (P≤0.05) in the serum lysozyme expression in animals having different genotypes. Animals having AA genotype showed higher expression of serum lysozyme than the animals having AB, AC and BB genotype.

Assessment of Bacteriological Profile of Bile in Cholelithiasis Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy

Background: Cholecystectomy is currently a frequentlyperformed operation. The most common reason for acholecystectomy is gallbladder stones. Hence we planned thepresent study to assess the bacteriological profile of bile incholelithiasis patients undergoing laparoscopiccholecystectomy (LC).Materials & Methods: A total of 100 patients scheduled toundergo LC were included in the present study. Demographicand clinical profile of all the patients was obtained. Completebiochemical and hematological profile of all the patients wasobtained. All the patients underwent LC under the hands ofskilled surgeons. Bile samples were collected and were sent tothe department of microbiology for further analysis.Results: Micro-organisms were found to be present in 28percent of the bile samples. Escherichia coli were the mostcommonly observed micro-organism found to be present in 17cases. Enterococcus spps. and Staphylococcus aureus werefound to be present in 4 and 3 cases respectively.No- significant results were obtained while correlating thepresence of micro-organisms with type of stone.Conclusion: Bile of the cholelithiasis patients undergoing LCoften show bactibilia.

Polymorphism of exon 2-3 of bovine major histocompatibility complex class I BoLa-A gene

The exon 2-3 region of bovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I BoLa-A gene was investigated for polymorphisms in three breeds of cattle originated in the Indian subcontinent namely Sahiwal, Tharparkar, Hariana, as well as crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) cattle and Jersey, the exotic breed (Bos taurus). The PCR amplified fragment of 714 bp showed distinct DdeI-, TaqI- and HinfI- RFLP patterns, thus confirming a higher degree of polymorphism in this region. To our knowledge this is the first report of HinfI restriction patterns for BoLa-A exon 2-3. The sequencing results revealed a number of nucleotide substitutions in this region, which resulted in amino acid changes. The present investigation confirmed that MHC class I BoLa-A exon 2-3 is highly polymorphic in cattle.

DNA polymorphism of leptin gene in Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle

Leptin plays an important role in the regulation of feed intake, energy metabolism, growth and reproduction of cattle. We used the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique to screen for DNA polymorphisms of the leptin gene in 403 cattle belonging to various breeds of Bos indicus (Hariana, Sahiwal, Gir and Nimari cattle), Bos taurus (Holstein Friesian (HF) and Jersey cattle) as well as Bos taurus x Bos indicus crossbreds (½ HF x ½ Hariana). In all the cattle we amplified two regions of the leptin gene, a 522 bp fragment comprising the partial intron 2 and exon 3 and another 94 bp fragment consisting of part of exon 2. Digestion of 522 bp PCR products with the BsaAI restriction enzyme revealed three genotypes in all the breeds of cattle studied. This is the first report of the presence of leptin gene polymorphism in purebred Bos indicus cattle of Indian origin (indicine cattle). Almost similar gene and genotype frequencies were observed in all the breed groups, while the frequency of mutant homozygotes (AA) was very low (0.03 to 0.07). On digestion of the 94 bp fragment with the Kpn2I restriction enzyme, three genotypes were observed in HF, Jersey and crossbred cattle. The CC genotype had the highest frequency (0.68) in crossbreds whereas the frequency of CT heterozygotes was highest (0.69) in HF cattle. This mutation was absent in all the breeds of indicine cattle. The results suggest that the BsaAI-RFLP mutation has occurred far back in evolution before the divergence of taurine and indicine cattle while the Kpn2I mutation has occurred recently as indicated by the fact that this mutation was only detected in taurine cattle.