Comparison of Baska Laryngeal Mask Airway and Endotracheal Tube in Adult Patients Undergoing Surgery under General Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Study

Background: Airway management is considered as an integral part of general anesthesia. Use of Baska mask, since asupraglottic airway device, could result in the low incidence of hemodynamic alterations and post-operative pharyngolaryngealcomplications. We conducted this study to compare the hemodynamic parameters, i.e., systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), ease of insertion, time of insertion, and post-operativepharyngolaryngeal complications during Baska mask and endotracheal tube (ETT) insertion.Materials and Methods: It was a prospective randomized study which was conducted on 80 adult patients admitted for electivesurgery under general anesthesia (GA) of 60–90 min duration. A total of 80 patients were randomly allocated into two groups,i.e., Group B and Group E of 40 each. Group B patients underwent Baska mask insertion and Group E patients underwent ETTinsertion. The statistical analysis was done by Student’s t-test and Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: There was a statistically significant rise in SBP, diastolic blood pressure, MAP, and HR during ETT insertion as comparedto Baska mask insertion. The mean time of insertion of Baska mask was 12.8 ± 1.36 s and of ETT was 15.93 ± 1.51 s. Insertionof Baska mask was easy in 85% whereas insertion of ETT was easy in 65%.Conclusion: Baska mask can be used as an alternative to ETT in adult patients undergoing surgeries under GA of 60–90 minduration with minimal hemodynamic alterations and post-operative pharyngolaryngeal complications.

Food Information Requirements of the Indian Consumers

Because of increase in the complexity of the food supply chain, there is information asymmetry in the food industry. But, in other hand, due to increase in concern over health, sustainability, local production, genetically modified crops and welfare issues, there is increase in concern of consumers regarding food information. Similarly, food information has direct implication to food safety. Although nutritional labelling is common in India, there exist knowledge gap about the actual informational need of the Indian consumers regarding the food they are consuming. This paper using the primary data collected through the structured web questionnaire tries to explore what information are required by the Indian consumers regarding the food and calculates their average willingness to pay for food with higher information. Survey was conducted in the month of March-April, 2019. A total of 514 valid responses were considered in the study. It was found that maximum number of consumers are willing to know more about chemical used at any stage, followed by production and marketing information and dietary health restrictions, respectively. It is found that Indian consumers at an average willing to pay 11.06% more for food with higher level of food information, than ordinary food. This research is valuable for future research on food information and various authorities to make policies regarding food information.

Comparison of Caudal Anesthesia and Ilioinguinal Block for Pediatric Inguinal Surgeries and Postoperative Analgesia

Background and Objective: Infants and children undergo a variety of groin procedures that can cause a significant degree ofdiscomfort postoperatively. We aim to compare the caudal block and ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric block using the combination ofropivacaine and dexmedetomidine with regard to efficacy, quality, and duration of post-operative analgesia.Methods: This study included two groups and 60 patients of the age group of 3–12 years. After induction of anesthesia, GroupAreceived caudal block using 1 ml/kg 0.2% ropivacaine + dexmedetomidine 0.3 μg/kg up to maximum of 20 ml. Group B receivednerve locator guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric block using 0.75 ml/kg 0.2% ropivacaine + dexmedetomidine 0.3 μg/kg up tomaximum of 20 ml. Postoperatively, patients were monitored for up to 24 h for primary objective of measurement of pain score,duration of analgesia, and number of rescue analgesia required. Statistical analysis performed using independent t-test andChi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The highest pain score in Group A was 5.93 ± 1.53 and in Group B was 4.93 ± 1.64 (P < 0.05). The average durationof analgesia in Group A and Group B was 372 min and 680 min, respectively (P < 0.05). The mean number of rescue analgesiagiven in Group A was 1.47 and in Group B was 0.96 (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Both caudal block and ilioinguinal block are effective measure of post-operative pain relief in pediatric inguinalsurgeries, but ilioinguinal block is better in terms of efficacy, duration of analgesia, lesser dose of local anesthetic required, andlesser need of rescue analgesia required.