Disseminated Nasal subtype Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma and its diagnostic difficulties in antemortem biopsies

ABSTRACT Extranodal NK/T- cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is an aggressive lymphoma driven by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in genetically susceptible individuals. It was historically called a lethal midline granuloma. Due to the angio-destructive nature of ENKTCL, lymphoma cells are often accompanied and masked by necrosis and dense inflammation in the biopsy. Further, the biopsy may show vasculitis, which can mimic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Due to these masquerades, ENKTCL is often misdiagnosed in the biopsy. Several biopsies may be required to establish the diagnosis. We describe the clinical course and autopsy findings of a young female who presented with a hard-palate ulcer. Antemortem biopsies failed to establish the diagnosis. The autopsy revealed an advanced nasal subtype of Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma with dissemination to the kidneys, adrenals, liver, spleen, and small intestine.

Larvicidal potential and residual activity effect of kinnow peel oil against Aedes aegypti L.

Background & objectives: Transmission of dengue virus by Aedes aegypti mosquito is one of the major global health concerns. The present study was aimed to explore the larvicidal potential of oil extracted from kinnow peel waste to be used as an efficient, economic and safe agent against Ae. aegypti. Methods: Kinnow peel oil was extracted and its five concentrations at 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 ppm were tested against 4th instar larvae of Ae. aegypti. Larval mortality (%) and LC50 and LC90 values of toxicity were determined followed by evaluation of the residual activity effect of its leftover effective concentration on larval mortality, development and emergence. Effect of storage (2, 4 and 6 months) on larvicidal potential of kinnow peel oil was also determined. Results: Out of the tested concentrations, 70 ppm of kinnow peel oil was found to be the effective concentration against 4th instar larvae of Ae. aegypti. LC50 and LC90 toxicity values were 47.26 and 61.56 ppm, respectively. No residual activity effect in terms of larval mortality was found, however a significant delay in development (L4 to adult) was observed after placing new larvae in the leftover effective oil concentration. No effect of storage on larvicidal potential of 2, 4 and 6 months old kinnow peel oil in comparison to freshly extracted oil was observed. Interpretation & conclusion: Kinnow peel oil proved to have a good potential as a biolarvicide against Ae. aegypti and could be used as an effective and eco-friendly mosquito control agent in the future.

Systemic ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma involving implant site: a fortuitous association

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive, anaplastic large cell lymphoma involving the non-mammary implant is an extremely rare presentation. Irrespective of the type or site, the implant-associated primary ALCL is morphologically and immunophenotypically similar to ALK-negative ALCLs. Herein, we present the case of a 42-year-old male who developed a lytic lesion after an implant for a right femur fracture. The lytic lesion biopsy revealed anaplastic large cell lymphoma with ALK protein expression. Imaging findings showed the widespread dissemination of disease all over the body, entrapping the implant too. ALCL involving the bone implant is a very unusual and rare presentation that needs to be documented.

Myomectomy during cesarean section: is it a contraindication these days?

Myomectomy during the cesarean section is a debatable procedure because of raised risk of associated uncontrollable hemorrhage and postoperative morbidity. 38 years, elderly primigravida, who conceived after primary infertility with large leiomyoma in the lower uterine segment, underwent myomectomy during the cesarean section. Her intra-operative hemorrhage was within normal limits and post-partum period was uneventful. Conclusion of this study is Safety and feasibility of myomectomy along with cesarean largely depends upon the case selection, experience of the obstetrician and backup ICU and transfusion facilities.

Purification and partial characterization of oxalate oxidase from leaves of forage Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare var. KH-105) seedlings.

An oxalate oxidase was purified to apparent homogeneity from the leaves of 10-days old seedlings of forage Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare var. KH-105). The enzyme had a Mr of 124 kDa with two identical subunits, an optimum pH of 4.5, optimum temperature of 37°C and activation energy (Ea) of 2.0338 Kcal/mol. The rate of reaction was linear up to 7 min. Km value for oxalate was 0.22 mM. The enzyme was stimulated by Cu2+ and inhibited by EDTA, NaCN, diethyldithiocarbamate, na2SO4, but unaffected by NaCl at 0.1 mM concentration. Although the enzyme was stimulated by flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), UV and visible spectra of the enzyme did not match with that of a flavoprotein. The positive reaction of the enzyme with orcinol-H2SO4 reagent indicated its glycoprotein nature. The superiority of the purified enzyme over earlier reported oxalate oxidases for determination of urinary oxalate has been demonstrated.

Distribution and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated sites of Hisar (India).

Fifty-two soil samples were collected from various location of the Hisar city. These samples were analysed for six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene). Total mean concentration of six PAHs varied from 51.79 to 148.82 mg kg(-1) dry weight of the soil, PAH concentration was higher in soil samples from local auto market while lower concentration was recorded in agricultural soil. Effect ofpH (5.0 to 9.0), temperature (20 degrees to 40 degrees C), and concentration of PAHs (5 to 20 mg kg(-1)) on biodegradation were optimized. Biodegradation of phenanthrene (3-ring) and pyrene (4-ring) was evaluated using two acclimatized microbial strains Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas paucimobilis. Biodegradation was maximum in sterilized artificial spiked soil with phenanthrene (5 mg kg(-1)) and pyrene (5 mg kg(-1)) at pH 7.0 and at 30 degrees C (optimized conditions) than the native unsterilized contaminated soil (without optimized conditions) in 42 days of incubation period with Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas paucimobilis. Phenanthrene was completely disappeared after 28 days with P. putida and after 35 days with P. paucimobilis. Whereas, pyrene was disappeared up to 97.40% with P. putida and 95.5% with P. paucimobilis after 42 days incubation period at optimum conditions. Under unoptimized conditions, disappearance of phenanthrene was 65.89% with P. putida and 57.81% with P. paucimobilis after 42 days, whereas the % disappearance of pyrene was 59.80% with P. putida and 52.07% with P. paucimobilis.

Effects of strength training and jatamansi on reducing hand tremor amongst archers

To investigate and compare the effects of strength training (Shoulder girdle and respiratory muscles) and drug (Jatamansi) on reducing hand tremor in archers. Randomized experimental, different subject design. Institutional study done at Manipur Archery Association. Thera-band (Hygienic Corporation) and Nardostachys jatamansi (GMP Certified) were used as interventions. Pre & Post Hand Steadiness Score (Arm-Hand-Steadiness Tester on 4 mm hole) and Performance Test Scores (AAPHER Archery Test) was evaluated. 45 National Level Archers within age 16-28yrs were assigned into three groups: Group I (Medicine), Group II (Strength Training) and Group III (Control). Medicine was consumed for 4 weeks continuously 3 gm TDS and Thera-band strength training was given for 3 times weekly for 4 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: It was hypothesized that strength training is more effective in reducing hand tremors than medicinal or control groups. Arm-Hand-Steadiness: Numbers of Contact (NOC): On inter Group Comparison of the three Groups using One Way ANOVA, left and right arm showed significant differences (F = 5.64, p<0.05; F = 8.97, p<0.001) respectively and on Post Hoc Scheffe’s analysis, Group II showed maximum improvement. Total Contact Time (TCT): On inter Group comparison of the three Groups using One Way ANOVA, left and right arm showed significant differences (F = 12.50, p<0.001; F = 9.23, p<0.001) respectively and On Post Hoc Scheffe’s analysis, Group II showed maximum improvement. Archery Performance: On inter Group comparison of the three Groups using One Way ANOVA showed significant difference (F = 6.53, p<0.005) and on Post Hoc Scheffe’s analysis, Group II showed maximum improvement. Intervention of strength training and jatamansi may be effective for an archer however, strength training with thera-band and respiratory muscles conditioning intervention in combination increases steadiness and archery performance.

Biosorption of Cr (VI) with Trichoderma viride immobilized fungal biomass and cell free Ca-alginate beads.

Ability of Cr (VI) biosorption with immobilized Trichoderma viride biomass and cell free Ca-alginate beads was studied in the present study. Biosorption efficiency in the powdered fungal biomass entrapped in polymeric matric of calcium alginate compared with cell free calcium alginate beads. Effect of pH, initial metal ion concentration, time and biomass dose on the Cr (VI) removal by immobilized and cell free Ca-alginate beads were also determined. Biosorption of Cr (VI) was pH dependent and the maximum adsorption was observed at pH 2.0. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 90 min. The maximum adsorption capacity of 16.075 mgg(-1) was observed at dose 0.2 mg in 100 ml of Cr (VI) solution. The high value of kinetics rate constant Kad (3.73 x 10(-2)) with immobilized fungal biomass and (3.75 x 10(-2)) with cell free Ca- alginate beads showed that the sorption of Cr (VI) ions on immobilized biomass and cell free Ca-alginate beads followed pseudo first order kinetics. The experimental results were fitted satisfactory to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (-NH) functional groups were responsible in biosorption of Cr (VI) with fungal biomass spp. Trichoderma viride analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer.

Biodegradation of pulp and paper mill effluent using anaerobic followed by aerobic digestion.

An experimental study was carried to find out the degradability of black liquor of pulp and paper mill wastewater for biomethanogenesis in continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and followed by activated sludge process (ASP). Continuous stirred tank reactor was used in present study for anaerobic digestion of black liquor, while completely mixed activated sludge system was used for aerobic digestion. A maximum methane production was found up to 430 ml/day, chemical oxygen demand was reduced up to 64% and total volatile fatty acid increased up to 1500 mg/l from 975 mg/l at 7.3 pH, 37 degrees C temperature and 8 days hydraulic retention time during anaerobic digestion. In activated sludge process (aerobic digestion) chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand reduction were 81% and 86% respectively at 72 hr hydraulic retention time.