A varied presentation of hydatid cyst: a report of four cases with review of literature.

Contrary to the popular perception, hydatosis does not remain restricted to certain geographical locales but is a global health concern, particularly in the rural countryside. Although liver and lung involvement account for the majority of the lesions, primary breast, bone, kidney and soft tissue hydatosis with features of cystic echinococcosis are extremely rare. We report four such rare cases of cystic echinococcosis which were diagnosed and treated in our institute.

UVA and UVB in sunlight, optimal utilization of UV rays in sunlight for phototherapy.

The disadvantages of sunlight as the source of UVA for phototherapy include variation with time, place, season, and atmospheric conditions. In the present study at Coimbatore, India we measured the UVa and UVB irradiance for one year using PMA 2100 meter. UVB irradiance was maximum between 12.00 noon-1.00 p.m (19.50 microw/cm2 to 40.2 microw/cm2) and UVA between 12 noon-1.15 p.m. (4.70 mw/cm2 tp 6.59 mw/cm2). The ratio of UVA was 1:500 to 1:600 during early hours and late evening and 1:200 during mid-day. At peak time (11.30 a.m. to 1.30 p.m.), the exposure time for 1 June of UVA was 2 min. 32 sec. to 4 min. 31 sec and for 10 mj of UVB it was from 4 min. 55 sec. to 11 min. 22 sec. We recommend the ideal time for UVB phototheraphy between 11.00 a.m. to 2.00 p.m. and for PUVASOL between 9.30 a.m. to 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. to 3.30 p.m. when incidental UVB and infrared rays responsible for heat are less.