Hydrocephalus, Ankylosis and Brachygnathism in an Non-descript Indigenous Calf: A Case Report

The present finding of a case reports revealed successful management of per-vaginal delivery of an indigenous male calf with multiple congenital anomalies like hydrocephalus, ankylosis and brachygnathism.

Prevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections among Blood Donors in Madhya Pradesh, a Central State of India

Introduction: A Transfusion transmitted infection (TTI) is a virus, parasite, or other potential pathogen that can be transmitted in donated blood through a transfusion to a recipient. This transmission is one of the most dreaded complications of blood transfusion. Aims and Objectives: The present study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence of TTIs among the blood donors in Madhya Pradesh, a central state of India Materials and Methods: The present five years (1st January 2012 to 31st December 2016) study is a retrospective analysis of one million three hundred thirty-six thousand one hundred fifty-six (1,336,156) blood donor’s record at Madhya Pradesh Aids Control Society (MPSACS) Bhopal; donors donated their blood at National Aids Control Organization (NACO) supported blood banks, Madhya Pradesh, India. With the permission of MPSACS, donor’s data was collected, retrieved, tabulated, summarized and compared statistically by frequency distribution and percentage proportion. Chi-square (X2) test was applied to evaluate the significant (p-value) ratio of difference statistically. Results: In the present study, 91.1% were voluntary blood donors and rested 8.9% replacement blood, donors. Male to female ratio of blood donors were male 94% and female 6%. TTIs prevalence in the study was 1.75 % (p<0.001) while individual infections prevalence was; HbsAg 1.16, Syphilis 0.37%, HCV 0.09%, HIV 0.08%, and Malaria 0.04%. Conclusion: Low prevalence of TTIs was reported in the present study, so hereby we have concluded that a healthy transfusion service is must for the health care system of the state/country. 100% Voluntary blood donation by Regular, voluntary, non-remunerated blood donors from low-risk populations and Careful TTIs testing, preferable NAT to reduce the window period are the key factors to ensure the safe blood to the needy.