RESUMO
Background: Peritonitis is one of the most common surgicalemergencies with significant morbidity and mortality. Multiplescoring systems have been proposed and assessed inpredicting the outcome in patients with peritonitis. A scoringsystem should be able to assess the need, type, and quality ofthe care required for a particular patient. Realizing the need fora simple and accurate scoring system in these conditions, thepresent study was undertaken to evaluate the Prognosticevaluation of intraperitoneal sepsis in perforation peritonitis byevaluating the efficacy of Elebute and Stoner grading andMannheim peritonitis index (MPI) in predicting the overall riskof morbidity and mortality in patients with peritonitis. This studywas conducted to identify the predicting ability of both thesescores and to compare MPI with Elebute and Stoner grading(ESG) system.Aim: To predict outcome of patients with peritonitis using theElebute and Stonjej grading of sepsis and Mannheim peritonitisindex in these patients and to predict the possible clinicaloutcome and to compare the results of both the scoringsystems.Patients & Methods: The present work is based on theobservations made in 48 patients of perforation peritonitisadmitted in surgical ward of Rama Medical College Hapur,Uttar Pradesh, India from March 2017 to March 2018. Thediagnosis of perforation peritonitis was made on the basis ofdetailed history, physical examination, investigations andoperative findings. A detailed record was maintained carefullyfor every patient and evaluation of Elebute and Stoner gradingof sepsis and Mannheim peritonitis index were made and thenresults of both the scoring systems are compared.Results: Comparison of both the scoring systems showed thatsensitivity was almost equal in both the scoring systems (80%).But specificity and accuracy were slightly improved withElebute and Stoner grading of sepsis (89.42% and 87.36% Vs84.16% and 83.22%) respectively. This may be because ofmore organ systems incorporated in Elebute and Stonergrading of sepsis like hepatobiliary system, temperature,bleeding diathesis, central nervous system which had not beenincorporated in Mannheim Peritonitis index.Conclusion: In the univariate analysis both scoring systemsstudied, were relatively accurate for identifying patients athigher risk for dying from peritonitis. It was found thatprediction among the dead was better than survived in both thescoring systems.
RESUMO
Background & objectives: In recent years, brachytherapy involving permanent radioactive seed implantation has emerged as an effective modality for the management of cancer of prostate. 125I-Ocu-Prosta seeds were indigenously developed and studies were carried out to assess the safety of the indigenously developed 125I-Ocu-Prosta seeds for treatment of prostate cancer. Methods: Animal experiments were performed to assess the likelihood of in vivo release of 125I from radioactive seeds and migration of seeds implanted in the prostate gland of the rabbit. In vivo release of 125I activity was monitored by serial blood sampling from the auricular vein and subsequent measurement of 125I activity. Serial computed tomography (CT) scans were done at regular intervals till 6 months post implant to assess the physical migration of the seeds. Results: The laser welded seeds maintained their hermeticity and prevented the in vivo release of 125I activity into the blood as no radioactivity was detected during follow up blood measurements. Our study showed that the miniature 125I seeds were clearly resolved in CT images. Seeds remained within the prostate gland during the entire study period. Moreover, the seed displacement was minimal even within the prostate gland. Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings have demonstrated that indigenously developed 125I-Ocu-Prosta seeds may be suitable for application in treatment of prostate cancer.
RESUMO
Objective: To isolate, partially purify and evaluate the cytotoxic and antitumor activity of a serine protease from the chosen Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma.Methods:Whole animal extract was prepared and purified its protein constituents by size and charge based chromatographic separation techniques using Sephadex G-50 and DEAE-Cellulose resin respectively. Average molecular weight of the protein isolate was determined and analyzed for its cytotoxic property against Vero cells in different dilutions (1: 20 and 1: 40) and anti-tumor activity by MTT assay (a colorimetric assay) using breast cancer cell line MCF-7, with tamoxifen as standard.Results:One of the protein constituents after purification was characterized as serine protease by Caseinolytic plate diffusion assay. Average molecular weight of this purified isolate was determined, by SDS-PAGE analysis with standard protein ladder, as of 15 kDa. The performed tests suggested that the 15kDa fraction has potent cytotoxic activity and satisfactory antitumor activity as well in vitro.Conclusions:Exact molecular mechanism of the cytotoxic and antitumor activities is yet to be explored and currently we are working on ultra-purification and biophysical characterization of this fraction. Further investigation into the mechanism(s) of cytotoxic and antitumor activities at molecular level would be useful in treatment of various classes of cancer and viral infections in future.