ROLE AND USEFULNESS OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN COVID-19 CASES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has a catastrophic effect on the world resulting in more than 25 million deaths worldwide. In India on 30th January 2020 rst positive case in a student from Kerala of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 can cause serious clinical complications, especially in elderly patients and in those with co-morbidities, especially diabetes obesity; cancer and digestive, endocrine, nervous and respiratory systems pathologies. The elevated biomarkers level was noticed in severe COVID 19 cases compared to non-covid 19 patients, revealing that D-dimer, CRP, ferritin, LDH, are signicantly correlated to COVID-19 severity. This review study aims to identify the most effective biomarker among C- reactive protein, IF6, D-dimer and ferritin to predict disease severity. This review intends to outline the biochemical laboratory tests that are useful in disease monitoring and assessment of severity in conrmed cases of COVID-19.

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF OLIGOSPERMIA: A CASE STUDY

The condition known as oligoasthenozoospermia occurs when the two parameters, sperm count and sperm motility, are changed. It is assessed by semen analysis and shows a decrease in the concentration and proportion of motile spermatozoa in a sperm sample. Research indicates that conditions or causes affecting male reproduction account for roughly 50% of infertility cases in India. According to a research by the WHO from 1982 to 1985 in many locations, 20% of cases of infertility are caused by male factors. About 23% of Indian couples receiving infertility treatment blamed male factors for their infertility. It is possible to correlate oligoasthenozoospermia to the Sukra kshaya Lakshanas stated in Ashta sukra dushtis. A 31-year-old man with 1.5 years of marriage was diagnosed with oligospermia, which is characterised by a low sperm count and a lack of motile spermatozoa. Shodhan (Virechan) and Shamanchikitsa demonstrated an improvement in seminal parameters following Deepan/Pachan. This demonstrates the effectiveness of Ayurvedic medicine in the treatment of male infertility

TRACING THE ROOTS OF AGGRESSIVE VIOLENT BEHAVIOR AND APPREHENSION ANXIETY AMONG SPORTS PERSONS: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

gressive violent behavior and apprehension anxiety are two common mental health issues that sports persons often experience. These issues can have negative effects on the sports persons' performance, as well as their overall well-being. This paper aims to explore the roots of these mental health issues and their relationship with sports participation. There are various factors that contribute to aggressive violent behavior among sports persons. One major factor is the intense competition that is inherent in sports. Sports persons often feel pressure to win, which can lead to frustration and aggression. Additionally, some athletes may have a predisposition towards aggression due to genetics or past experiences. Apprehension anxiety is another issue that many sports persons face. This anxiety can be caused by a variety of factors, including fear of failure, fear of injury, or fear of public speaking. Sports persons may also experience anxiety due to the high expectations placed on them by coaches, fans, and teammates. Furthermore, social and cultural factors can contribute to these issues among sports persons. The culture of sports may glorify aggression, which can lead sports persons to believe that aggression is necessary to succeed. Additionally, social pressures can lead sports persons to suppress their emotions, leading to increased levels of anxiety and aggression. It is important for sports organizations and coaches to recognize the causes of these mental health issues and to implement strategies to prevent and address them. By addressing these issues, sports organizations can help sports persons to perform at their best while also maintaining their mental well-being.

TO STUDY THE ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN PREVENTING NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES

Introduction: Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in NICU, it is a life-threatening disease that occurs primarily in premature infants.1 Probiotics are the live microbial dietary supplements that when administered in adequate amount promotes health.2 In premature infants they are thought to improve the positive balance of colonizing bacteria that facilitate development of mucosal immunity and prevent the excessive in?ammation associated with NEC.3 The present study is a Prospective Observational study Methods and Materials: conducted in the NICU at Prathima Institute Of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar,Telangana. During the period of 2 years between December 2020 and November 2022. Neonates of <37 weeks of gestation and with birth weight <1500 gms admitted into NICU are included in the study. The selected neonates would be administered probiotic 2 million spores of Bacillus clausii ampules per day along with expressed mother's own milk daily till they reach full feeds (150ml/kg/day). These neonates were observed clinically, investigated and studied during their period of admission in NICU for the development of Necrotising Enterocolitis and also the morbidity and mortality of such neonates was studied. : In the present study, out of 50 Results neonates, 11 (22%) preterms developed NEC while 39 (78%) of them did not. This was found to be statistically signi?cant (p=0.01). Out of the 11 preterms, 1 (2%) belonged to ELBW while 10 (90%) belonged to VLBW. Out of the 11 preterms who developed developed NEC, 4 (8%) developed stage I NEC, 5 (10%) developed stage II NEC and 2 (4%) developed stage III NEC. This was statistically signi?cant (p= 0.001) In our present study, 4 (8%) of the preterms developed with sepsis while 46 (92%) did not develop sepsis. This was statistically signi?cant (p=0.001) Necrotizing Enterocolitis is a worldwide problem in Conclusion: Preterms Low Birth Weight neonates. The present study has found that Probiotic supplementation has reduced both the 4incidence and severity of NEC in such neonates. Probiotic supplementation has also reduced the incidence of culture proven 5sepsis in preterm and Low Birth Weight neonates

EVALUATION AND PROGNOSTIC CORRELATION OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS USING CT SEVERITY INDEX

Background: Of all abdominal emergencies, pancreatitis is one of the most complicated and clinically dif?cult. The preferred imaging technique for determining the severity of acute pancreatitis and its consequences is computed tomography (CT). To evaluate the clinical outcome of acute pancreatitis and prognostic Aim: correlation based on the CT severity index. We included 30 patients with suspected acute pancreatitis Settings and Design: attending department of Radio Diagnosis, KVG medical college and hospital during the study period (January 2022 to May 2022). All the patients were evaluated by contrast enhanced CT. The severity of pancreatitis was scored using CT severity index (Balthazar), modi?ed severity index (Mortele) and revised Atlanta classi?cation and the cases were classi?ed into mild, moderate and severe. The outcome parameters studied were Length of hospital stay, Need for surgery or percutaneous intervention, incidence of infection or organ failure and death. The age group of patients was 16 to 69 years with Results: maximum patients (36%) between 25 and 35 years. Majority were males (81%). According to Modi?ed CT Severity Index, 15% patients had mild, 42% patients had moderate and 43% had severe pancreatitis. Majority of the cases (44%) were categorized as severe pancreatitis according modi?ed Mortele CT score. Majority of the cases were categorized as mild pancreatitis according Balthazar CTSI score and revised Atlanta classi?cation. 38% patients are considered to have end organ failure. Hepatic failure is the most common system failure seen in 22% patients. 36% patients had evidence of systemic infection. 10% patients required surgical interventions. The score is simpler to calculate and the inter-observer variability is Conclusions: decreased using the modi?ed CT severity index.

FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME FOLLOWING BI-COLUMNAR PLATING OF AO-TYPE 13C DISTAL HUMERUS FRACTURES.

Background: Intra articular fractures of the distal humerus are uncommon injuries and present the most difficult challenge among fractures of the distal end of the humerus. Objective of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome following bicolumnar plating of AO-Type 13C distal humerus fractures. A total of 20 int Materials and Methods: ra articular (AO TYPE C) distal humerus fractures were operated within a period of 2 years in KVG medical college and hospital Sullia were included in the study in which there were 12 males and 8 females.16 cases were due to RTA, 4 were due to self-fall, Out of 20 cases,1 (5%) was of AO C1 type of fracture, 16(80%) were of C2 and 3 (15%) were of C3 type of fractures. All the patients were operated with pre-countered distal humerus locking plates in orthogonal fashion and functional outcome was measured by Mayo's Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). In our series of 20 cases, the Results: average duration of the radiological union was 16±02 weeks. Excellent results were seen in 10, good in 6 and fair in 3, and poor in 1 According to Mayo's Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) at the end of 12 months follow up. Open reduct Conclusion: ion and internal fixation with bicolumnar plating is the ideal fixation for AO 13 type C distal humerus fractures. Use of locking plates, stable fixation, along with early elbow mobilization influence the final functional outcome. Bicolumnar plating provides better stability, allows early elbow range of motion and prevents elbow stiffness.

RESEARCH SCENARIO OF ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (AIIMS) DELHI DURING 2017-21: A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY

The paper reflects research output of AIIMS (India) during 2017 to 2021 using data from Scopus database. It shows the research output by the medical scholars of the institute, high profiled authors, and Research collaborations on International and National basis and top sources of publications preferred during the year period. The study finds that research contribution of AIIMS, Delhi during five years was 12797 publications; Maximum productivity was marked in the year 2021 followed by its preceding year 2020; Highest publications were published in the source 'BMJ Case Reports' (515 papers); Highest collaboration was made with USA in publication of research papers (1154 papers); Highest research produce was made by Tripathi, M. (196 Papers) followed by Sharma N. and Tandon N. (195 papers each).

EVALUATION OF THE ANTI-MYCOBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ALLIUM ASCALONICUM AND ALLIUM SATIVUM

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the organism causing tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Plant-based drugs have been used worldwide in traditional medicines for the treatment of various diseases including tuberculosis. Medicinal plants are an important source of new antimicrobial agents and remain an attractive alternative strategy. The present study was performed to evaluate anti-MTB activity of two medicinal plants viz., Allium ascalonicum, and Allium sativum. Different concentrations of extracts of these plants were tested for their anti MTB activity against MTBH37Rv strain and the inhibitory activity was expressed as CFU inhibition, % inhibition and IC50. In our study Allium sativum showed higher anti TB activity however this bactericidal property was not signi?cantly different between each groups. The overall anti mycobacterial activity of these extracts might be attributed due to the presence of ?avonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, tannins and other phytoconstituents. The extract of the plant also exhibited promising antitubercular activity.

ANCHORAGE PREPARATION FOR VARIOUS ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

There are many kinds of orthodontic movements that make the clinical schedule a genuine test. With the appearance of the skeletal anchorage, it became more straightforward to take care of numerous issues, like anchorage, tipping, interruption among others. The reason for this article was to survey outright anchorage, including signs, implantation site, and any kind of orthodontic element

ORAL HEALTH CARE THROUGH AYURVEDA

Oral cavity is considered as one of important organ among precious supraclavicular organs. Its importance is very much due to its two important functions, one is eating and other one is speaking. Proper eating keeps healthy, energetic and providing strength to fight off sickness. Speaking allow us to communicate with others making us socially active. The ability to progress in life would be nearly impossible without both of these functions. To keep these proper, the oral cavity should be healthy. Oral health is a key indicator of overall general health, well-being and quality of life. Poor oral health can also lead to a slew of systemic problems later in life. It is reported, that diabetes mellitus is linked with the development and progression of periodontitis. As lack of oral care awareness and unhealthy food habits due to busy life, the prevalence of oral diseases is going on increase irrespective of age. Common among them are dental caries, periodontal diseases and even oral cancer. Most of the oral diseases are preventable. The progression of these diseases can also be arrested with change in diet and appropriate oral hygiene. Regarding oral health maintenance, Ayurveda recommends proper aahar vihar, some daily use procedures like dantdhavan, jihvanirlekhan, pratisaran, gandoosha and use of some single drugs decoction as mouth rinse. One can keep healthy oral cavity by following all these procedures.

NEONATAL OUTCOME IN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS

Introduction The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally . 3 to 5 % of all pregnant women show glucose intolerance. Approximately 90% of these women have GDM.Infants born to diabetic mothers are prone to complications like congenital malformations and metabolic abnormalities.Most of these complications depend on maternal glycemic control which can be prevented by good periconceptional and prenatal care. This Aims and objectives study is taken up to evaluate complications occurring in infants of diabetic mothers and also to compare the outcome of infants of preGDM mothers and GDM mothers This is hospital based observational study done on infants of diabetic Methodology mothers admitted in NICU, KGH, Visakhapatnam Neonates of diabetic mothers who have other complications like heart disease, PIH, Pre eclampsia, twin gestation, etc. which may effect the baby adversely are excluded from study A total of Results 50 neonates are studied out of whom 37 neonates are born to mothers with gestational diabetes and 13 to mothers with overt diabetes . Mean birth weight of infants of GDM is 3.7kg. Hypoglycemia is more common in infants of GDM mothers than in overt DM. Congenital anamolies are seen in 14% of babies. Birth injures including clavicle fracture , erb's palsy are seen in 5 babies, all of then weighed >3.5kg and delivered by assisted vaginal delivery. Macrosomia,birth injuries and metabolic Conclusion complications are common in infants of GDM mothers than in infants of pre GDM mothers.This shows importance of timely screening of all pregnant women for GDM and counsel them regarding importance of glycemic control to prevent neonatal complications

A STUDY ON CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS AND LABORATORY PROFILE OF ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN CHILDREN ADMITTED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Introduction: Acute glomerulonephritis is the most common reversible cause of kidney disease in children. Although most common presentations are oedema, hypertension, haematuria and oliguria, glomerulonephritis may manifest with atypical features. The aim of the study was to evaluate the Aims and objectives: frequency of various clinical manifestations of glomerulonephritis and to identify various abnormalities in laboratory pro?le in children with glomerulonephritis. 30 children admitted in paediatric department, King George Materials and methods: Hospital, Visakhapatnam with clinical features of glomerulonephritis were enrolled into the study . Data on clinical features, laboratory parameters and outcome was recorded. Males were more commonly affected. Majority were in the age Results: group of 9-12 years. Most common presentation was facial puf?ness. Atypical presentations were observed in 40% cases. Anaemia was observed in 50% cases. Hypertension was seen in 56% of cases. PSGN was commonest cause of AGN. Hypocomplementemia was seen in 80% cases. Even though most children with acute glomerulonephritis present Conclusion: with common clinical features, early identi?cation of atypical presentations of acute glomerulonephritis should be emphasised as their prompt recognition can lead to reduction in mortality

Sirenomelia

Sirenomelia is a rare and fatal congenital defect characterized by varying degrees of lower limb fusion, thoracolumbar spinal anomalies, sacrococcygeal agenesis, genitourinary, and anorectal atresia. We report a case of baby, born with narrow chest, bilateral hypoplastic thumb, fused lower limbs with a single foot and 5 toes, absent external genitalia, imperforate anus and umbilical cord with single umbilical artery. When diagnosed antenatally, termination should be offered

MANAGEMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENT IN A DENTAL SETTING IN INDIA- A REVIEW

Tuberculosis (TB) still continues to be endemic in various regions of the world, including in India and needs surveillance, clinical assessment, testing, contact tracing, confirmation of diagnosis with supervised or in-supervised treatment regimens for an effective eradication. Tuberculosis is responsible for the death of every third AIDS patient in India and accounts for about a quarter of the global tuberculosis burden. The ministry reiterated their commitment to eliminating tuberculosis in the country by 2025. This article gives dentists an overview of the guidelines' recommendations that are applicable to most outpatient dental settings.

FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION OF PROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTURES TREATED BY PHILOS PLATING

Introduction Proximal humeral fractures are now recognized as an increasingly common fracture, accounting for 4%–5% of all fractures and 45% of all humeral fractures [1,2]. It is the third most common fracture, in people above 65 years of age, after fractures of the hip and distal radius [3]. These fractures have a bimodal distribution occurring either in young people after high energy trauma or in those older than 50 years with low- velocity injuries like simple fall [3]. 85% of these fractures are minimally displaced and are effectively treated with immobilization followed by early motion. The remaining 15% of these are either displaced or unstable. These fare poorly with non-operative treatment and are better treated with surgical intervention. Surgical treatment is necessary especially in young patients and active elderly people in order to prevent minimal dislocations of tuberosity or articular surface from compromising the long-term articular function. This study was planned to evaluate the outcome of proximal humerus fractures managed with PHILOS plate after approval by the Institutional Ethical Board. To evaluate the ef?cacy of PHILOS plate in the treatment of Aims And Objectives proximal humeral fractures and assess its functional outcome. To assess any complications that could arise postoperatively Early rehabilitation of the patient Hospital Based Prospective study. Methods And Materials Study Design: Study Period: October 2019 to September 2022. Study is conducted in Department of Orthopaedics, Andhra Medical College, Study Setup: Visakhapatnam. Patients attending emergency/orthopaedic OP and admitted in department of Study Population: orthopaedics in King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam with proximal humerus fractures and are classi?ed according to Neer's Classi?cation 30 patients admitted in the Department of Orthopaedics, King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam Sample Size: with proximal humerus fractures in the above said period. We have included 30 proximal humeral fractures in our Results study. Males dominated and left side is more common than right. Domestic falls are common than road traf?c accidents. 2-part fractures are more common than 3- and 4-part fractures. All of them are treated with PHILOS stable angled plate. Complications like stiffness, screw penetration and super?cial infection occurred in our study which are dealt appropriately. Signi?cantly, we could prevent varus malunion which is notable in our study. Rehabilitation started early with pendulum exercises and could achieve good range of useful movements for most of the cases. Average range of radiological union is 13.5 weeks PHILOS plate, stable, angled construct is used in all our cases and the results evaluation done with . Conclusion Constant Murley score which ranged 54 to 87. Our average score is 67.43 which is in concurrence with few of the studies. The rehabilitation after operation started early with pendulum exercises as soon as the patients compliance within the limits of pain. The range of movements in our study, abduction maximum range obtained is 120 to 150 degrees and forward ?exion 90 to 120 degrees and rotations average score is 7. Though we have few complications like stiffness of shoulder (5), AVN (1), intra- articular screw penetration (1), super?cial infection (1) and subacromial impingement (1), we have dealt with all these complications appropriately. Signi?cantly, varus malunion did not occur in our study

DATA ANALYSIS OF MEDICINAL CHALLENGES FOR PATIENTS IN THE WAKE OF POST COVID 19 PANDEMIC SITUATIONS

The present study was performed to determine the issues of medical care in Covid 19 Pandemic. The steps were done in such a way that one of the researchers examined the search criteria among the articles and the criteria for including and deleting articles based on their titles and abstracts. In the second stage, the titles were reviewed. Out of 2350 retrieved articles, 2045 were retained after the repetition of duplicates. 150 cases were deleted due to insufficient data reporting, and 105 cases were deleted due to poor quality. Finally, 50 articles were eligible. Only 20 articles of the studied articles had full text and related to the field of research card. In the third stage, the articles were searched manually but no new ones were added by deleting articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria; the full text of all articles that met the inclusion criteria was reviewed. Then, their results were extracted according to the investigated factors and provided to two other researchers for reviewing. In this systematic review, the articles that met the inclusion criteria were studied and analyzed. Excluded from all retrieved articles were studies that had unspecified sample size and implementation, or articles whose full text was not available. Finally, 20 cases were reviewed and analyzed. To extract the data, two experienced researchers simultaneously reviewed and analyzed the articles.

EFFICACY OF TAKRA IN INTESTINAL DISEASES: – A CONCEPTUAL STUDY

Takra is the very common food item of Indians and used as a liquid food item from Vedic period. In Ayurveda their qualities, types, indications are mentioned. It is very important “Anupanhisa” of many ayurvedic formulations. Also, it is used both as food and medicine or Pathya in various disorders because of lots of medical properties. Takra is fundamentally a milk product prepared by fermentation process. In Ayurveda the usefulness of Takra is mentioned in many topics like Arsha, Grahani, Udara etc. along with this also mentioned the Takra in the disturbed condition of Agni. Due to advancement of biotechnology, microbiology and pharmaceutical sciences, numbers of pharmaceutical products are prepared which having same role as Takra in diarrhea, steatorrhea, IBS(irritable bowel syndrome), IBD(Infiammatory Bowel Disease), CD(Crohn's disease) and various intestinal diseases. Takra is natural probiotic diet because of friendly bacteria lactobacillus acidophilus for the intestine and the body are found abundance in these remedies. This article signifies that the role of Takra in widespread intestinal disorders as probiotics.

YEAR OVER YEAR FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF ONGC LTD

This study has been conducted based on data obtained from the official BSE website and other websites, By using Ratio Analysis tool we are able to analyze the financial performance of ONGC ltd, through these tools we are able to find the strengths and weaknesses of ONGC ltd and their financial position in the market. Different Ratios are used and particularly those which are related to the financial statement of ONGC ltd and for this study balance sheet of 2017-2021 was used and the ratios are prepared in such a way so that we can easily compare the performance

CORELATION OF PREOPERATIVE VARIABLES WITH POSTOPERATIVE PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE SURGERY UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA

Background: Almost every patient undergoing a major surgical procedure will experience some degree of physiologic alteration in lung function. A postoperative pulmonary complication is de?ned as any respiratory complication that occur within 48-72 hours following a surgical procedure. The relationship between preoperative variables and postoperative pulmonary complications in surgical patients has been the subject of numerous studies. Development of POPC is due to a combination of factors, including surgical pathology and existing comorbidities, as well as surgical and anaesthetic management in the perioperative period. The main risk factors that have been associated with postoperative pulmonary complication are smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, advanced age, site and duration of surgery, obesity and comorbidity.

Hysterectomies and bodily autonomy in female migratory farm laborers in the unorganized labor sector in Beed district of Maharashtra: A Review Article

Seasonal labor migration is a vital aspect of livelihood in rural and tribal regions of India. Females are paid less than males for the same amount of work. Contractors are unwilling to hire female menstruating laborers as menstruation and pregnancy are considered as roadblocks. The worry of hefty fines for absence pushes girls to get their uterus removed as menstruation & pregnancy may require them to pass work opportunities. This review aims to summarize the prevalence of hysterectomies among these women, and tries to understand the mindset behind the same. In 2018, 36% of female sugarcane laborers in the State had undergone a hysterectomy. While the rate of hysterectomies among women aged between 15- 49 years at the all-India level is 3.2%, the hysterectomy rate in the state of Maharashtra is 2.6%. Our findings revealed several studies and newspaper articles showing the prevalence of irrational hysterectomies among the unorganized migratory farm laborers as a result of work-related pressures, a grossly unregulated private medical sector and exploitative contractors who hire them