Application and correlation of hematological scoring system and serum prolactin levels in early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis 3 year study

Neonatal septicemia is defined as a bacterial infection documented by a positive blood culture in the first 4 weeks of life. The clinical symptoms and signs are non specific and vague. So it is important to make diagnosis and to start treatment as early as possible to prevent serious morbidity and mortality caused by non-treatment or late treatment of septicemia. This study was conducted for a period of 3 years. 200 neonates under the age of 28 days were studied to find out hematological parameters including sepsis screen, hematological scoring system and serum procalcitonin levels in neonates suspicious of sepsis. We concluded that, though blood culture is a gold standard for the diagnosis of sepsis, combined use of sepsis markers increases the diagnostic accuracy in suspected cases and simultaneously prevents over treatment of clinically suspicious cases.

Techniques In Detection of Superfluous Root Morphology : A Review And Case Report of A Mandibular Canine With Two Roots.

The Endodontic paradigm is based on thorough debridement, disinfection followed by three-dimensional obturation of root canal system. A comprehensive knowledge of canal anatomy and its variation is crucial because untreated root canals can lead to endodontic failure. The prognosis of endodontic treatment in teeth exhibiting a complex anatomy is unfavourable if clinicians fail to recognize extra canals. Many investigators have reported anatomical variations associated with mandibular canine. Mandibular canines are recognized as usually having one root and one root canal in most cases, although approximately 6% may have two canals and sometimes two roots (1.2%). This case demonstrates the successful endodontic treatment of a right mandibular canine with an extra root.

Diagnosis And Treatment of Mandibular First Molar With Three Mesial Root Canals - A Case Report.

The knowledge of the internal anatomy of root canals is very important for the success of endodontic treatment. Variations in dental anatomy are found in all teeth. Lack of knowledge of anatomic variations and their characteristics in different teeth has been one of the main causes of endodontic therapy failure. This case report describes the endodontic treatment of a mandibular first molar with five root canals, its incidence of occurrence and discusses the importance of their identification and treatment.

Cytogenetic studies of 1001 Down syndrome cases from Andhra Pradesh, India.

Cytogenetic data obtained from investigating 1001 patients of Down syndrome (DS) and their parents over a period of 20 years (January 1979-January 1999) are presented. The frequency of pure trisomy, mosaicism and translocation was 87.92, 7.69 and 4.39 per cent respectively. The origin of the extra chromosome 21 due to meiotic non-disjunction was 79.24 per cent maternal and 20.76 per cent paternal. A high frequency of acrocentric chromosome associations was also observed in mothers of children of Down syndrome, this might have predisposed to an enhanced risk for non-disjunction. Birth order of DS showed a higher number of first and second borns. Reproductive performances of the parents indicated a high rate of abortions, compared to controls. Cytogenetic investigations carried out over these years greatly helped in the management of these children and for counseling the affected families.

Deletion analysis & calpain status for carrier detection in a family with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Eight females with a family history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) were analysed for their carrier status by m-calpain test, which monitors the m-calpain (milli-calpain), a proteolytic enzyme in the platelets, using an ELISA technique. Four of the eight females were identified as carriers by virtue of their elevated enzyme levels as compared to control. DNA samples of these members were analysed to ascertain the carrier status, by PCR followed by dosage analysis by densitometry. DNA analysis confirmed the findings by calpain test, which underlines the reliability of this phenotypic test for carrier detection in DMD. Calpain test has been informative in a large group of patients and carriers tested so far. Since the calpain test is cost and labour effective, it is suited for routine and widespread screening purposes.

Maternal reproductive history and the occurrence of Down's syndrome.

Reproductive history of mothers of 115 Down's syndrome children was studied and compared with 200 control mothers who gave birth to normal children. The frequency of spontaneous abortions in mothers of Down's syndrome babies was found to be elevated significantly (p < 0.05). The data suggest that the maternal health and reproductive potential have a prominent aetiological significance in the occurrence of Down's syndrome.

Importance of monitoring calcium & calcium related properties in carrier detection for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Calcium and calcium dependent enzymes viz., calcium ATPase, protein kinase C and calcium activated neutral protease (milli CANP mCANP) were studied in the erythrocytes, platelets and lymphocytes of obligate carriers, in order to assess the usefulness of these indices for detection of carriers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). With the exception of mCANP and lymphocyte calcium ATPase, other calcium dependent enzyme activities showed considerable overlap between carriers and control. Since the increase in the level of platelet mCANP was found in all affected boys (no false negatives) and obligate carriers, and patients with other myopathic conditions and some neurogenic causes did not show high platelet mCANP activity, this parameter could be considered as a good phenotypic index. Unlike SCK, the platelet mCANP of carriers did not overlap that of controls, hence tests are to be carried out to verify its usefulness as an index of carrier state in mutations other than DNA deletion since testing of non-deletion is both costly and has practical limitations.