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Background: Plant poisoning is a common scenario in a toxicology unit . Some of the plants contain active components used as medicines. However, some of the plant constituents are poisonous with wide variety of clinical manifestations. Authors aimed to study the pattern of various types of plant poisons and clinical presentations and complications of various plant poisons admitted in our toxicological unit.Methods: A total of 87 patients admitted with history of plant poison ingestion, in toxicological unit of Tirunelveli medical college were studied . It was a retrospective observational study and was done over a period of one year.Results: Out of 87 cases studied, 92%were due to consumption with suicidal intention. Plant poisoning ranks second only to pesticide poisoning . among the plant poisons encountered 66.6% were due to Oleander poison, followed by Datura (8%) and Glory lily(5.7%). Common parts of plant consumed by patients include seeds and plant oils . Vomiting and abdominal pain were the commonest presentations. Encephalopathy, dyselectrolytemia and arrhythmias were the notable complications in our study.Conclusions: Early admission and prompt first aid and monitoring at tertiary care center are key to the reduced mortality. The study throws light on various manifestations, toxic parts and complications of plant poisons.
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With the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, there is a dramatic decrease in the morbidity and mortality related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Due to varying degree of immunosuppression, patients are prone to various number of infections in their lifetime. Respiratory system, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and the skin are the most susceptible for opportunistic infections. Timely management of these microbial infections followed by chemoprophylaxis is essential as per the guidelines for the management of opportunistic infections in HIV. The development of drug toxicities and drug resistance in managing patients with HIV has always remained a clinical challenge. Consideration is given to the numerous pharmacokinetic interactions between drugs used to treat and prevent opportunistic infections and antiretroviral drugs, along with complications like immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Clinicians must be aware about optimal strategies present for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in order to improve health and provide high quality of care for the patients.
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Aim: Mosquito borne diseases especially malaria is a serious public health problem in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world especially the developing countries including India. Besides available key interventions to control the spread of vectors and vector borne diseases, there is a felt need for involving a suitable community approach based on knowledge, attitude, awareness, behaviour and protective practices to get the best results. Hence, the present study is an attempt to provide some inputs in this direction. Methodology: A community based cross-sectional survey was carried out in a highly malaria endemic cluster of six selected villages of Rohtak and Mewat region of Haryana to know the respondent knowledge about malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases, as much as their attitude, awareness and practices regarding the malaria and its control. The results obtained were processed and analyzed statistically by using STATA version 10 software. Results: The study revealed that about 52% of the respondents in Rohtak region and 42.68% in Mewat region committed that malaria is transmitted by mosquito bite which was directly correlated with the level of education. It was observed that high fever, chills and body pain were considered as the major signs/symptoms of malaria. Television followed by friends and relatives and health care provider’s acts as the major source of information about malaria and other mosquito borne diseases. Overall (76.2%) individuals from both study areas mentioned that malaria is a serious problem in their area but only 46.3% knew about various Government measures for the protection and treatment of malaria. Mosquito nets, mosquito coil and repellents were commonly used as protective practices by the respondents but the difference was not found significant except for mosquito net (P <0.05) in both the study areas. Conclusion: Promoting active community participation by improving current intervention strategies through information, education and communication regarding malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases may yield better results.
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A technique is described for obtaining a Sertoli cell-enriched and a germ cell-enriched fraction from immature rat testes. Sertoli cell-germ cell associations were obtained by incubating washed seminiferous tubule fragments with Collagenase and Pancreatin. They were then manually dissociated into a suspension comprising Sertoli cells as well as the various germ cell types characteristic for a given day of ontogeny. Fractionation into a Sertoli cell-enriched fraction and a germ cell-enriched fraction was effected by centrifugation following layering over a stepwise gradient of Ficoll-400. While the time-span compares favourably with other procedures reported in the literature, it is believed this is the first time a method is described that enables the simultaneous recovery of both the Sertoli cells and the germ cells.