Isolation of Enterococcus spp. in various clinical sample and their antimicrobial resistant pattern with MIC of vancomycin in patient attending tertiary care centre, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand

Introduction- Enterococci are part of normal intestinal flora of humans and animals but have also emerged as important pathogens responsible for serious infections in hospital and community acquired infections.it is second most common cause of nosocomial infections in gastrointestinal tract, wound and genitourinary tract. To process all the clinicalAim- samples from various department in our hospital, for isolation of Enterococci spp. To speciate the isolates & to have resistance pattern of the isolates of vancomycin total 926 sample were collected from both outMaterial & Methods- patients and in patient in all clinical departments and transported to microbiology laboratory. specimens were processed by inoculating on to blood agar, MacConkey Agar, nutrient agar, potassium tellurite agar and incubated at 37°C for24-48 hr. Enterococci were identified by their typical arrangement in and salt tolerance test Gram stain, bile esculin test and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined by performing Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were identified by tube dilution methods. Result- a total of 926 sample, 645 (69.72%) were culture positive and 281 (30.28%) were culture negative. Among 645 culture positive cases, 81(12.55%) were Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrobial susceptibility & MIC done as per standard protocols. The E. Faecalis showed 99% sensitive to Vancomycin. the resistance to vancomycin was 1% & further confirmed by MIC via tube dilution methods. In which MIC was ?32 ?g/ml in one isolate. About 8 of Enterococcal strains showed MIC of 0.0125?g/ml. species level identification of Enterococcus is important forConclusions- epidemiological study and also for analysis of drug resistant pattern. Effective detection of vancomycin resistance helps in reducing the morbidity and mortality of VRE in hospitalized patients

Gingival Crevicular Blood in the Diagnosis of Blood Glucose Level

Introduction: The etiopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus ismulti-factorial & complex and appears to involve interactionsof various immunological, genetic and environmental factors1.The Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased bloodglucose level. It represent one of the major chronic healthproblem faced by the society today2. The aim of this study isto evaluate a quick, safe, noninvasive and painless method toscreen for diabetes during regular clinical examination usingself-monitoring glucometer.Material and Methods: 35 cases who were reported toPrimary health centre, sahdei buzurg for hematologicalexamination were selected for the study. Probing of gingivalsulcus was done using William’s WHO probe. Blood oozingfrom the sulcus was collected on the strip provided by theglucometer and blood glucose level was recorded. For control,finger prick capillary blood was collected and blood glucoselevel was analyzed. Statistical analysis was done usingPearson’s Correlation Coefficient.Result: The result revealed strong correlation betweengingival crevicular blood and peripheral capillary measuredblood glucose level.Conclusion: Gingival crevicular blood collected duringclinical examination may be an excellent painless source ofblood for glucometric analysis.

The Distribution of the ABO and Rh (D) Blood Types in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Introduction: The etiopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus ismulti-factorial & complex and appears to involve interactionsof various immunological, genetic and environmental factors.Positive association with blood groups shows increasedsusceptibility and a negative association shows protectionagainst diabetes mellitus. Present study was conducted to findout a possible association between type II diabetes mellitus(DM) and ABO & Rh blood groups.Material and Methods: The study involved 313 patients whoreported to Haematology Laboratory for blood investigationsover a period of 5 months. On the basis of Random & FastingBlood Sugar levels, we made Group I (Diabetic patients) &Group II (Healthy controls). ABO & Rh blood grouping donefor both the groups.Results: AB & B blood group showed less commonassociation with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus (DM)were more associated with Blood group A, as compared tocontrols. Blood group O has same distribution among bothgroups. Diabetics has higher percentage than controls hadRh positive blood group (96.55% vs 94.69%), and diabeticsshowed less percentage of Rh negative blood group (3.44%vs 5.3%). Blood group B, AB and O were positive in higherpercentage among diabetics, and it was same in blood group A.Conclusion: According to Results, it has association betweenDM and Rh positive blood groups and between blood groupsB & AB it has negative association.