Climate Resilient Water Management for Sustainable Agriculture

The management of water resources in both irrigated and rain-fed agriculture is becoming an increasingly complex worldwide due to anticipated water scarcity, and compounded by the challenges of global warming and climate change. Climate-smart water technologies viz. Drip irrigation, Central pivot irrigation, Hydrogel and SWAT method need to be judiciously applied to overcome these challenges. Agriculture is a critical sector in India and other developing countries, providing substantial employment opportunities to rural populations and supporting efforts to achieve food and nutritional security. This paper addresses the challenge of increasing food production and improving rural livelihoods while safeguarding critical water resources for sustainable use, particularly in drought-prone regions, through adaptive measures for effective water management. An integrated approach is necessary for agricultural water management through the adoption of innovative technologies such as water harvesting, micro-irrigation, and resource conservation farming to increase water-use efficiency in agriculture and other critical services to humans and animals. The study aims to enhance understanding of the potential implications of climate change and adaptation options for agricultural water management, thereby enabling them to take up adaptation challenges and develop measures to reduce the farming sector's vulnerability to climate change.

Pharmacological Properties Of Nirgundi: A Review

Owing to wide range of medicinal properties, Nirgundi is very useful herb. It is used for its medicinal values for thousands of years by the people all over the globe. The folklore healers use the plant for various ailments. As per Ayurvedic system of medicine, its Rasa is Katu, Tikta and Kashaya and it pacifies Vata and Shleshma. Its property is Laghu and Veerya is Sheetoshna and is used in the treatment of various disorders like Pleeha rog, Gulma, Krimi, Kushtha, Vrana, Visha and Aruchi. Available ancient and modern contemporary literature has been studied thoroughly while preparing this article so as to put all the available knowledge about the herb at one place. Various properties possessed by the plant have been evaluated in different studies, and results or observations of few of such prominent studies have been presented here to enrich the knowledge. Review of the available literature showed that it possesses various pharmacological activities cardiotonic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-histaminic, anti-cancerous, anxiolytic, anti-asthmatic, hepatoprotective etc. All these properties have been authenticated by various experimental and clinical studies. So keeping in view the huge potential of the plant, further research is suggested to extract maximum benefits for the benefit of the society.

Role of Intrapartum Transcervical Amnioinfusion in Meconium Stained Liquor

Background: Pregnancy is associated with several risks toboth mother and fetus. Meconium staining of amniotic fluid isone of the important risk factors associated with neonatalmortality. Thus the aim of this study was to assess theeffectiveness of amnioinfusion in treatment of thick meconiumstained amniotic fluid and compare the results with controlgroup.Materials and Methods: It was a prospective case controlstudy conducted from October 2015 to September 2017, in thedepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, at Indira GandhiInstitute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna. We included 100cases of thick meconium complicated deliveries. The patientswere categorized as study group who received amnioinfusionand control group who received standard treatment. Eachgroup contained 50 patients.Results: We found that the need for caesarean section waslow in study group. The Apgar score also effectively improvedin the study group compared to the control group at 1 minute, 5minute and 10 minutes interval. Amnioinfusion reduced theincidence of meconium below the vocal cord and meconiumaspiration syndrome. There was also reduction in admission ofinfants to NICU in those cases who received amnioinfusioncompared to control groups.Conclusion: We concluded that transcervical amnioinfusion issimple and effective method that aids in improvement ofperinatal outcomes of those cases complicated with thickmeconium.

Iron Sucrose or Ferric Carboxy Maltose: Comparative Study for Treatment of Post-Partum Iron Deficiency Anemia

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is commonlyobserved due to blood loss at the time of delivery or lack ofadequate supply during pregnancy, thus increasing the risk ofmorbidity and mortality. Iron supplementation is currently usedto treat postpartum anemia, however oral iron supplementationis associated with unwanted side effects especiallygastrointestinal. Parenteral iron therapy is effective than oraliron supplementation in replenishment of haemoglobin and ironstores (ferritin) with much better compliance. Thus, we aimedto evaluate efficacy of two commonly used parentalpreparations of iron viz sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at KatiharMedical College, katihar in the department of Obstetrics andGynaecology from november 2012 to october 2013. Weincluded 120 female with post-partum anemia. The patientswere divided into two groups name Group 1 and Group 2.Patinets in Group 1 received multiple doses of iron sucroseeach in small quantity while patients in Group 2 wereadministered single high dose of ferric carboxymaltose. Thechanges in haemoglobin and ferritin levels post therapy werenoted.Results: The level of haemoglobin post therapy increased to10.48±0.56gm% and 11.83±0.79gm% from 8.27±0.53gm%and 8.305±0.609gm% in group 1 and group 2 respectively.Similarly the level of serum ferrtin increased from 77.91±27.14ng/dl and 78.05±34.69ng/dl to 182.86±33.36ng/dl and195.39±44.6ng/dl respectively. The mean increase ofhemoglobin in group 1 was by 2.2 gm% while it was 3.53gm%in group 2.Conclusion: We found that FCM is more effective than ironsucrose for treatment of iron deficiency anemia.

Retrospective study of ectopic pregnancy in tertiary care centre

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is one in which fertilized ovum become implanted in site other than normal uterine cavity. Ectopic pregnancy commonly occurs in the fallopian tube. Ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal death in early pregnancy. The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is complicated by wide spectrum of clinical presentations, from asymptomatic cases to acute abdomen, and hemodynamic shock. There is considerable regional variation in its incidence. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of all cases of ectopic pregnancy admitted in IGIMS, Patna was done from January 2014 to December 2016. Results: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy in present study was 2.1%. Majority of patients were multigravida (94.1%) and in the age group of 25-35 years (70.4%). PID was the strongest risk factor found in 35.29%. Other risk factors were tube ligation (23%), LSCS (11.76%), history of abortion/MTP (17.64%). Commonest clinical presentation was pain abdomen (88.23%) followed by amenorrhoea (70.58). bleeding per vagina and adnexal mass was clinical presentation in 64.7% of patients. The site of ectopic was fallopian fallopian tube in all the patients and all patients were managed surgically. Anemia, blood transfusion and wound dehisence was the commonest morbidity seen. No mortality was reported in the present study. Conclusion: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is on rise. It is a common life threating emergency in first trimester of pregnancy that leads to serious maternal morbidity and also can cause mortality. A high index of suspicion is required for its early diagnosis, so that proper management can be done and the complications can be avoided.

Lantana camara berry for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles

Objective: To synthesize the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by reduction of silver ions into nano silver, using ripened berry extract of Lantana camara and evaluate its antioxidant activity against 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl. Methods: The prepared AgNPs were characterized by visual, UV-visible spectrophotometer, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction. Results: Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis confirmed the AgNPs are spherical and 75.2 nm average sized. Selected area electron diffraction analysis supports that the obtained nanoparticles were in crystalline form. In addition, the antioxidant efficacy of prepared AgNPs was found to be higher than berry extract against 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl. Conclusions: From the results obtained it is suggested that surface modified AgNPs at lower concentration, showed higher antioxidant activity than berry extract against 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl and could be used effectively in future ethno pharmacological concerns.