Dimethyl fumarate inhibits NLRP3/AIM2 inflammasomes to prevent spleen radiation injury ZHANG / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effect of dimethyl fumarate on spleen injury induced by gamma radiation in mice and the related mechanism. Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the blank control group, radiation model group and DMF administration group, which were administered once at 12 h before irradiation and once at 0. 5 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after irradiation. The 30-day survival rate, body weight and pathological injury of spleen were measured after a one-time total body irradiation of Co 7 rays (8 Gy). TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis of spleen cells. Enzyme-linked immunoassay ( ELISA) was applied to detect the contents of TNF-a, IL-1 p, IL-6, IL-18, NLRP3 and AIM2 in spleen. Western blot test and immunofluorescence staining test was employed to verify the changes of NLRP3 and AIM2 contents in spleen tissue after irradiation. Results DMF could obviously improve the survival rate of irradiated mice, improve the weight loss of irradiated mice, re-duce the pathological injury of spleen, and inhibit the apoptosis of spleen cells after irradiation. ELISA results showed that DMF could significantly inhibit the increase of spleen inflammatory cytokines TNF-a, IL-lp, IL-6, IL-18 and inflammasome components NL-RP3 and AIM2 induced by irradiation. Western blot and tissue immunofluorescence staining also confirmed that DMF could inhibit the increase of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome protein levels caused by irradiation. Meanwhile, NLRP3 agonist and AIM2 agonist could antagonize the radiation protection effect of DMF on spleen cells. Conclusion DMF can ameliorate spleen injury of Co 7-ray injured mice, and its mechanism is closely related to NLRP3/AIM2 inflamma-somes, which can be used as a potential protective drug for radiation injury.

Drug Resistance and Prognosis of 150 Cases of Peritoneal Dialysis-associated Peritonitis / 医药导报

Objective To analyze the pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis(PDAP),and provide a clinical reference for the rational use of antibiotics.Methods The demographic data of PDAP patients admitted to the peritoneal dialysis(PD)Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from July 1,2015 to December 30,2021 were collected,and the pathogens,drug resistance and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 150 episodes of PDAP occurred in 92 patients.The positive rate of PD fluid culture was 61.33％,including 65 cases(70.65％)of Gram-positive(G+)bacteria,mainly Staphylococcus and Streptococcus.Gram-negative(G-)bacteria were in 16 cases(17.39％),mainly Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae.There were 11 cases(11.96％)of multiple infections,including 5 cases of combined fungal infection.From 2016 to 2021,the incidence of G+bacteria-related PDAP decreased from 14 to 8 cases.G+strains were resistant to methicillin(35.00％),and were sensitive to linezolid(100.00％),teicoplanin(100.00％)and rifampicin(100.00％).The sensitivity rate to vancomycin was 98.59％.G-strains were sensitive to ceftazidime(86.36％),ceftizoxime(88.89％)and amikacin(100.00％).The MIC of vancomycin against Staphylococcus showed an upward trend in 2019-2021.The overall cure rate of PDAP was 81.33％in patients who responded to antibiotic treatment,and the cure rate of G+bacteria was higher than that of multiple infections(89.23％vs.36.36％,P＜0.01).The outcome of patients with multiple infections,especially those with concurrent fungal infection was poor.Conclusion The incidence of PDAP in the PD center has shown a decreasing trend in recent years.G+bacteria are still the main pathogenic bacteria causing PDAP,and they are highly resistant to methicillin,so vancomycin should be used as empirical therapy.For G-bacteria,cefotaxime and amikacin can be chosen as empirical therapy.There is a drift in the MIC values of vancomycin against Staphylococcus in the study period,so it is necessary to monitor the MIC of vancomycin against Staphylococcus and its changing trend.

Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with small bowel tumors: A single center analysis of 220 cases / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with small bowel tumors. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study. We collected clinicopathological data of patients with primary jejunal or ileal tumors who had undergone small bowel resection in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University between January 2012 and September 2017. The inclusion criteria included: (1) older than 18 years; (2) had undergone small bowel resection; (3) primary location at jejunum or ileum; (4) postoperative pathological examination confirmed malignancy or malignant potential; and (5) complete clinicopathological and follow-up data. Patients with a history of previous or other concomitant malignancies and those who had undergone exploratory laparotomy with biopsy but no resection were excluded. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognoses of included patients were analyzed. Results: The study cohort comprised 220 patients with small bowel tumors, 136 of which were classified as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), 47 as adenocarcinomas, and 35 as lymphomas. The median follow-up for all patient was 81.0 months (75.9-86.1). GISTs frequently manifested as gastrointestinal bleeding (61.0%, 83/136) and abdominal pain (38.2%, 52/136). In the patients with GISTs, the rates of lymph node and distant metastasis were 0.7% (1/136) and 11.8% (16/136), respectively. The median follow-up time was 81.0 (75.9-86.1) months. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 96.3%. Multivariate Cox regression-analysis results showed that distant metastasis was the only factor associated with OS of patients with GISTs (HR=23.639, 95% CI: 4.564-122.430, P<0.001). The main clinical manifestations of small bowel adenocarcinoma were abdominal pain (85.1%, 40/47), constipation/diarrhea (61.7%, 29/47), and weight loss (61.7%, 29/47). Rates of lymph node and distant metastasis in patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma were 53.2% (25/47) and 23.4% (11/47), respectively. The 3-year OS rate of patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma was 44.7%. Multivariate Cox regression-analysis results showed that distant metastasis (HR=4.018, 95%CI: 2.108-10.331, P<0.001) and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR=0.291, 95% CI: 0.140-0.609, P=0.001) were independently associated with OS of patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma. Small bowel lymphoma frequently manifested as abdominal pain (68.6%, 24/35) and constipation/diarrhea (31.4%, 11/35); 77.1% (27/35) of small bowel lymphomas were of B-cell origin. The 3-year OS rate of patients with small bowel lymphomas was 60.0%. T/NK cell lymphomas (HR= 6.598, 95% CI: 2.172-20.041, P<0.001) and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR=0.119, 95% CI: 0.015-0.925, P=0.042) were independently associated with OS of patients with small bowel lymphoma. Small bowel GISTs have a better prognosis than small intestinal adenocarcinomas (P<0.001) or lymphomas (P<0.001), and small bowel lymphomas have a better prognosis than small bowel adenocarcinomas (P=0.035). Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of small intestinal tumor are non-specific. Small bowel GISTs are relatively indolent and have a good prognosis, whereas adenocarcinomas and lymphomas (especially T/NK-cell lymphomas) are highly malignant and have a poor prognosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy would likely improve the prognosis of patients with small bowel adenocarcinomas or lymphomas.

Short-term effectiveness of ixekizumab in the treatment of psoriasis: a single-center retrospective study / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the real-world short-term effectiveness of ixekizumab in the treatment of psoriasis, and to investigate factors influencing the effectiveness.Methods:Baseline data and short-term effectiveness evaluation results were retrospectively collected from patients with psoriasis, who received ixekizumab treatment in Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital from November 2019 to September 2021. A descriptive analysis was performed on the baseline characteristics of patients, continuous data were described as median (lower quartile, upper quartile), and categorical data were described as percentages. Comparisons of disease severity scores before and after the treatment with ixekizumab were performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test or paired McNemar test. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore factors influencing the effectiveness of 4-week ixekizumab treatment.Results:A total of 118 patients with psoriasis were included, including 94 males and 24 females, and their age [ M ( Q1, Q3) ] was 43.4 (32.5, 53.0) years; plaque psoriasis (99 cases, 83.9%) and severe psoriasis (72 cases, 68.6%) predominated among the 118 patients, and skin lesions were mainly located on the scalp (59/116, 50.9%). Among the 49 patients who had received 2-week ixekizumab treatment, 27 (55.1%) achieved a 50% improvement in the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score (PASI50) ; after 4-week treatment, 44 (89.8%), 30 (61.2%), 13 (26.5%) and 10 (20.4%) patients achieved PASI50/75/90/100 respectively, and their PASI scores (2.1 [1.1, 7.1]), involved body surface area (3.9% [0.5%, 14.5%]), dermatology life quality index scores (1.0 [0.0, 2.0]) and physician global assessment (PGA) scores (1.0 [1.0, 3.0]) were significantly lower than the corresponding scores at baseline (12.4 [8.8, 23.2], 22.0% [11.3%, 43.4%], 6.0 [3.0, 11.0], 4.0 [3.0, 5.0], respectively; all P < 0.001]. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the baseline body mass index was significantly associated with the PASI75 response rate ( OR = 0.814, 95% CI: 0.659 - 0.958, P = 0.029) and the proportion of patients with PGA0/1 ( OR = 0.743, 95% CI: 0.562 - 0.917, P = 0.017) after 4-week ixekizumab treatment, and the baseline BSA score was significantly associated with the proportion of patients with PGA0/1 after 4-week ixekizumab treatment ( OR = 0.924, 95% CI: 0.870 - 0.968, P = 0.003) . Conclusion:The 4-week ixekizumab treatment significantly decreased the severity of psoriasis, and may be more effective in patients with lower disease severity and lower body mass index at baseline.

Dietary intervention for the treatment of psoriasis / 中华皮肤科杂志

This review summarizes dietary characteristics of patients with psoriasis, discusses effects of gluten-free diet, Mediterranean diet and dietary intervention-induced weight loss on psoriasis, and analyzes the efficacy of dietary supplements in the treatment of psoriasis, such as fish oil, vitamin D, vitamin B12, selenium, and probiotics.

Construction of the intelligence scenario for the safe and rational drug use based on massive prescription and medical advice in hospitals / 中国药师

Objective To discuss how to utilize intelligence application scenarios to promote the quality of hospital pharmaceutical care.Methods The literature was consulted and the needs of intelligence application scenarios in hospital pharmacy were systematically sorted out.The construction and practice of intelligence application scenarios in hospitals were introduced combining the pharmaceutical work practice of Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University.Results Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University has gradually established intelligence systems covering the aspects of drug supplies,maintenance,dispensing,prescription checking,clinical pharmacy services and pharmacy management.Intelligent prescription checking and review,intelligent generation of drug procurement and supply plans,acceptance,maintenance,sorting and dispensing has realized.Informatization of the management of intensive monitoring drugs,antibiotics and anesthetic drugs were focused.In the context of scarce human resources,the supplies of drug in hospitals has been ensured,the rational rate of drug use has gradually increased,the utilization rate of antibiotics and the amount of intensive monitoring drugs have gradually decreased.Conclusion Intelligence technology saves human resources,improves the efficiency and quality of pharmaceutical management.The application of intelligence scenarios should be promoted and expanded in hospital pharmacy,and provide innovative human-computer integration pharmacy services.

Establishment of whole-process intelligent pharmaceutical care model for peritoneal dialysis patients / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To develop a whole-process intelligent model of pharmaceutical care for peritoneal dialysis （PD） patients， and to provide a reference for clinical pharmacists to provide standardized PD pharmaceutical care. METHODS The pharmaceutical care mode of PD patients at home and abroad was investigated and analyzed. Based on the actual situation of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University （hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”）， with “home→PD center outpatient→ inpatient department” as the main node， the recycling process of medication reconciliation was optimized. The whole-process intelligent pharmaceutical care model of PD was illustrated by improving the Chinese version of the drug-related problems （DRPs） classification tool， developing the corresponding pharmaceutical care process， and presenting specific cases. RESULTS Based on the medication therapy management （MTM） platform， our hospital had built a closed-loop PD whole-process intelligent pharmaceutical care model of “in-hospital pharmaceutical care （building document）-PD outpatient MTM-home pharmaceutical care （online App management）”. A “double cycle” workflow of “admission→discharge→outpatient” medication reconciliation cycle and “discovery-analysis-intervention-follow-up-record-evaluation” DRPs cycle was formed. CONCLUSIONS The establishment of the whole-process intelligent pharmaceutical care model for PD in our hospital provides experience for standardizing pharmaceutical care for PD patients， and can reduce DRPs.

Clinical significance of No.11p posterior lymph nodes dissection in gastric cancer surgery / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the association of No.11p posterior lymph node metastasis with clinicopathological features and its prognostic significance in gastric cancer. Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted. Clinicopathological data of patients with primary gastric cancers undergoing No.11p posterior lymph node dissection from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrieved from the Database of Gastric Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Case inclusion criteria: (1) gastric cancer proved by pathology; (2) radical resection with intraoperative No.11p posterior lymph node dissection; (3) operations performed by the same surgical team; (4) no previous history of other malignant tumors and no concurrent malignant tumors. Those with stump gastric cancer, history of gastrectomy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, incomplete clinicopathological data and lost to follow-up were excluded. During the operation, the upper edge of the pancreas was retracted forward to expose the area between the upper edge of the pancreas and the splenic vessels. The proximal segment of the splenic artery was skeletonized to remove lymphatic tissue anterior and superior to the splenic artery for No.11p lymph node dissection. For patients with lymphadenopathy in the area between the splenic artery and the splenic vein, dissection was performed. The enlarged lymph nodes were labeled with titanium clips and named as No.11p posterior lymph node. Pathological examination was performed separately after the specimen was isolated. Statistical analysis was performed using R software. Results: A total of 127 gastric cancer patients, who underwent No.11p posterior lymph nodes dissection were included in this study, of which 120 patients without No.11p posterior lymph nodes metastasis (No.11p posterior lymph nodes negative) and 7 patients with No.11p posterior lymph nodes metastasis (No.11p posterior lymph nodes positive). A total of 8 metastatic No.11p posterior lymph nodes were detected in 7 patients, metastasis rate and with a ratio of 5.5% (7/127) and 6.8% (8/127), respectively. In the subgroup analysis of T3-4 stage patients, the metastasis rate and ratio of No.11p posterior lymph nodes were 9.0% (7/78) and 10.7% (8/75), respectively. Compared to negative cases, patients with No.11p posterior lymph nodes metastasis had larger tumor (P=0.002), higher proportion of Borrmann type Ⅲ and Ⅳ tumors (P=0.005), more metastatic lymph nodes (P<0.001), more advanced T stage (P=0.043), N stage (P=0.004) and TNM stage (P=0.015). In survival analysis, patients with No.11p posterior lymph node metastasis had a significantly worse prognosis than those without metastasis after adjusting for TNM stage (hazard ratio=3.009, 95% confidence interval: 1.824-4.964, P<0.001). Conclusions: The No.11p posterior lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer is associated with worse prognosis. For patients of T3-4 stage gastric cancer, No.11p posterior lymph node dissection should be emphasized during radical operation.

How to master the clinical study on digestive tract reconstruction in gastric cancer surgery / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Digestive tract reconstruction is extremely important during gastric cancer surgery, which is related to long-tern quality of life of patients. The selection of reconstruction methods and the application of reconstruction techniques are major topics in the field of reconstruction-related study of gastric cancer surgery. The clinical research on digestive tract reconstruction needs to be designed and implemented scientifically to comprehensively evaluate the impact of reconstruction methods on surgical safety, long-term survival outcomes, short- and long-term changes in quality of life, endoscopic mucosal changes and postoperative nutritional status. In addition, health economic analysis is also important and should be considered in reconstruction-related studies. In brief, selection of appropriate gastrointestinal reconstruction methods based on individual characteristics of each gastric cancer patients may be an important direction of clinical trials in the future.

Comparison of postoperative mid-term and long-term quality of life between Billroth-I gastroduodenostomy and Billroth-II gastrojejunostomy after radical distal gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer: a cohort study based on a case registry database / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: The pattern of digestive tract reconstruction in radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer is still inconclusive. This study aims to compare mid-term and long-term quality of life after radical gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer between Billroth-I (B-I) and Billroth-II (B-II) reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted.Clinicopathological and follow-up data of 859 gastric cancer patients were colected cellected from the surgical case registry database of Gastrointestinal Surgery Center of Sichuan University West China Hospital, who underwent radical distal gastric cancer resection between January 2016 and December 2020. Inclusion criteria: (1) gastric cancer confirmed by preoperative gastroscopy and biopsy; (2) elective radical distal major gastrectomy performed according to the Japanese Society for Gastric Cancer treatment guidelines for gastric cancer; (3) TNM staging referenced to the American Cancer Society 8th edition criteria and exclusion of patients with stage IV by postoperative pathology; (4) combined organ resection only involving the gallbladder or appendix; (5) gastrointestinal tract reconstruction modality of B-I or B-II; (6) complete clinicopathological data; (7) survivor during the last follow-up period from December 15, 2021 to January 15, 2022. Exclusion criteria: (1) poor compliance to follow-up; (2) incomplete information on questionnaire evaluation; (3) survivors with tumors; (4) concurrent malignancies in other systems; (5) concurrent psychiatric and neurological disorders that seriously affected the objectivity of the questionnaire or interfered with patient's cognition. Telephone follow-up was conducted by a single investigator from December 2021 to January 2022, and the standardized questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30 scale (symptom domains, functional domains and general health status) and EORTC QLQ-STO22 scale (5 symptoms of dysphagia, pain, reflux, restricted eating, anxiety; 4 single items of dry mouth, taste, body image, hair loss) were applied to evaluate postoperative quality of life. In 859 patients, 271 were females and 588 were males; the median age was 57.0 (49.5, 66.0) years. The included cases were divided into the postoperative follow-up first year group (202 cases), the second year group (236 cases), the third year group (148 cases), the fourth year group (129 cases) and the fifth year group (144 cases) according to the number of years of postoperative follow-up. Each group was then divided into B-I reconstruction group and B-II reconstruction group according to procedure of digestive tract reconstruction. Except for T-stage in the fourth year group, and age, tumor T-stage and tumor TNM-stage in the fifth year group, whose differences were statistically significant between the B-I and B-II reconstruction groups (all P<0.05), the differences between the B-I and B-II reconstruction groups in terms of demographics, body mass index (BMI), tumor TNM-stage and tumor pathological grading in postoperative follow-up each year group were not statistically significant (all P>0.05), suggesting that the baseline information between B-I reconstruction group and the B-II reconstruction group in postoperative each year group was comparable. Evaluation indicators of quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-STO22 scales) and nutrition-related laboratory tests (serum hemoglobin, albumin, total protein, triglycerides) between the B-I reconstruction group and B-II reconstruction group in each year group were compared. Non-normally distributed continuous variables were presented as median (Q(1),Q(3)), and compared by using the Wilcoxon rank sum test (paired=False). The χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical variables between groups. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in all indexes EORTC QLQ-30 scale between the B-I reconstruction group and the B-II reconstruction group among all postoperative follow-up year groups (all P>0.05). The EORTC QLQ-STO22 scale showed that significant differences in pain and eating scores between the B-I reconstruction group and the B-II reconstruction group were found in the second year group, and significant differences in eating, body and hair loss scores between the B-I reconstruction group and the B-II reconstruction group were found in the third year group (all P<0.05), while no significant differences of other item scores between the B-I reconstruction group and the B-II reconstruction group were found in postoperative follow-up of all year groups (P>0.05). Triglyceride level was higher in the B-II reconstruction group than that in the B-I reconstruction group (W=2 060.5, P=0.038), and the proportion of patients with hyperlipidemia (triglycerides >1.85 mmol/L) was also higher in the B-II reconstruction group (19/168, 11.3%) than that in the B-I reconstruction group (0/34) (χ(2)=0.047, P=0.030) in the first year group with significant difference. Albumin level was lower in the B-II reconstruction group than that in the B-I reconstruction group (W=482.5, P=0.036), and the proportion of patients with hypoproteinemia (albumin <40 g/L) was also higher in the B-II reconstruction group (19/125, 15.2%) than that in the B-I reconstruction group (0/19) in the fifth year group, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ(2)=0.341, P=0.164). Other nutrition-related clinical laboratory tests were not statistically different between the B-I reconstruction and the B-II reconstruction in each year group (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The effects of both B-I and B-II reconstruction methods on postoperative mid-term and long-term quality of life are comparable. The choice of reconstruction method after radical resection of distal gastric cancer can be based on a combination of patients' condition, sugenos' eoperience and operational convenience.

Change Rule of Diatom in Zhangweixin River in Dezhou / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the annual variation of diatoms in Zhangweixin River, to provide theoretical support by using diatom examination to estimate the time and place of the corpse entering water, and to establish a diatom database.@*METHODS@#Samples were taken from 4 sampling sites in Decheng section of Zhangweixin River for 12 consecutive months. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis was performed on the species and content of diatom samples. Based on the sampling site of Tianqu Road, Sprensen similarity coefficient analysis was conducted with the data of other 3 sites in Decheng section and Leling section of Zhangweixin River and Ningjin section in previous studies.@*RESULTS@#The number of diatom species was positively correlated with diatom content. The average diatom content in different months ranged from 1 054 to 13 041/10 mL, and the species composition ranged from 8 to 16, with differences in dominant species. The similarity coefficient of diatom species within 2 km were all higher than 0.956 52, which could not be distinguished effectively. The similarity coefficients of Leling section and Ningjin section were 0.736 84 and 0.588 24 respectively, which could be effectively distinguished.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The species and content of diatom vary in different months in Zhangweixin River, and the composition of diatom species is different in different basins, which can provide reference for estimating the time and place of the corpse entering water in the river.

Preparation, characterization and improved solubility of ticagrelor salts / 药学学报

Four salts of ticagrelor, ticagrelor-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, ticagrelor-pyrazinamide, ticagrelor-D-proline and ticagrelor-L-proline were prepared by solvent suspension and liquid-assisted grinding to improve the solubility of ticagrelor. The compounds were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and the intermolecular salt-bonding forces were analyzed. The equilibrium solubility of salts and pure drug in hydrochloride buffer pH 1.2 and phosphate buffer pH 6.8 were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ticagrelor was salted with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, pyrazinamide, D-proline, L-proline all in a stoichiometric ratio of 1∶1; with the exception of ticagrelor-D-proline, the solubility of the other three salts provided significantly improved solubility in hydrochloride buffer pH 1.2, and the equilibrium solubility of ticagrelor-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid was increased by approximately 1.7 folds as compared to pure drug. Salt-forming technology is convenient and can improve the solubility of ticagrelor.

The Effectiveness of Postoperative Chemotherapyon pT1bN0 and pT2N0 Gastric Cancer Patients withRisk Factors: An International Dual-Center Analysis

Purpose@#This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of postoperative chemotherapy in pT1bN0 and pT2N0 gastric cancer patients with high risk factors. @*Materials and Methods@#Clinicopathological data of gastric cancer patients, who had undergone gastrectomy in high volume centers in Korea and China and were finally diagnosed with pT1bN0 and pT2N0 between 2006 and 2010, were analyzed retrospectively. Survival analyses stratified by risk factors and multivariable analyses were performed. @*Results@#A total of 1509 patients were enrolled, with 41 (2.7%) patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy after gastrectomy and 1468 (97.3%) patients undergoing surgery alone. The adjuvant chemotherapy group showed higher percentages of tumor with maximal diameter >3 cm (51.2% vs. 25.8%), poor differentiation (68.3% vs. 49.8%), and less harvested lymph nodes (17.1% vs. 5.2%) compared to the surgery alone group. The overall survival rates were 95.1% in the adjuvant chemotherapy group and 93.3% in the surgery alone group, without significant difference. In multivariable analysis, age was found to be an independent prognostic factor. However, there were no difference in the overall survival between patients with risk factors and those without risk factors, even in terms of age. Meanwhile, patients with more than two risk factors who received chemotherapy showed better survival trend, especially for pT2N0 patients, compared to the surgery alone group, although no significant differences were observed. @*Conclusion@#In pT1bN0 and pT2N0 patients, age was found to be an independent prognostic factor. However, adjuvant chemotherapy seemed to be unnecessary, while postoperative chemotherapy might offer survival benefits to pT2N0 patients with more than two risk factors.

Risk factors of postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer and perioperative intervention measures / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Gastric cancer is a common digestive system malignancy. Surgical operation is the main treatment of radical treatment for gastric cancer. Pulmonary infection is a common postoperative complication of gastric cancer. Because there is no clear and unified definition of pulmonary complications, the current researches show that the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer is about 1.8%-18.1%. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection will prolong the hospital stay, increase the cost of hospitalization, and even develop into respiratory failure leading to early postoperative death. There are many factors affecting postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer, including age, smoking history, pulmonary function, pulmonary disease history, operation method, operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, gastric tube retention time, postoperative lying time and so on. There are also many perioperative interventions. This article reviews the risk factors and perioperative interventions of postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer.

Current status of diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Peritoneal metastasis is the most common distant metastasis of gastric cancer. As an end-stage event of gastric cancer, patients with peritoneal metastasis often have lost the chance of radical resection, and even after palliative surgical resection, the long-term outcomes are still not satisfactory. In recent years, with the application and promotion of laparoscopic technology, neoadjuvant intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery, through perioperative comprehensive treatment strategies by multidisciplinary team, the quality of life and survival of patients with peritoneal metastasis have been significantly improved. Some patients with gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis diagnosed by laparoscopy even get the opportunity to have radical cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy after neoadjuvant intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy. Taking into account the progress in the treatment of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis in recent years, this article intends to combine current clinical evidence and to discuss the key issues in the course of clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer peritoneal implantation and metastasis, including the imaging diagnosis of peritoneal metastasis, laparoscopic examination, evaluation of peritoneal metastasis and comprehensive treatment plan.

Computed tomography-magnetic resonance imaging fusion-guided iodine-125 seed implantation for single malignant brain tumor: Feasibility and safety

Background: To investigate the feasibility and safety of computed tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (CT-MRI) fusion-guided iodine-125 seed implantation for a single malignant brain tumor. Methods: From November 2015 to October 2016, 12 patients with a single malignant brain tumor were treated with permanent iodine-125 seeds implantation. CT-MRI fusion images were used to make the preoperative treatment plan, intraoperative dose optimization, postoperative verification, and tumor response follow-up. The dosimetry parameters of CT-MRI image fusion plans were compared between preprocedures and postprocedures, including plan target volume, V100 (the percentage of the target volume covered by the prescription dose [PD]), D90 (the dose that covers 90% of the target volume), and V200 (the percentage volume of the brain tumor receiving 200% of the PD). Adverse events were graded by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Clinical and radiological follow-ups were performed at a 3-month interval. Results: All the interstitial implantations were completed successfully under the guidance of CT-MRI image fusion. The dosimetry parameters of CT-MRI image fusion postplans did not differ significantly from those of preplans (P > 0.05). No higher than Grade 2 adverse events were observed during the follow-up. Tumor control was achieved in 10 of 12 patients (83.33%). The median overall survival time was 15.05 ± 3.35 months (95% confidence interval 12.99–17.26). Conclusions: CT-MRI image fusion is feasible for the design, optimization, and verification of treatment planning. CT-MRI fusion-based brachytherapy may improve dosimetry of brain tumor while sparing the normal structures, potentially impacting disease control, treatment-related toxicity, and long-term survival

The current status and causes of acute intestinal obstruction / 中国实用外科杂志

Intestinal obstruction is one of the common diseases in abdominal surgery. Various causes may result the incidence of intestinal obstruction. Over the past decades, due to changes in human living and dietary habits, changes in disease spectrum, and advances in surgical techniques, the risk factors of intestinal obstruction have also changed significantly. At present, the most common causes of intestinal obstruction are intestinal adhesion, tumor and hernia. In addition, acute intestinal obstruction caused by inflammatory bowel disease has also increased in recent years.Comprehensive understanding the etiology and trend of intestinal obstruction contribute to the early diagnosis and timely treatment of it, and can also improve the prognosis of patients.

Structural determination of eleven new preschisanartane-type schinortriterpenoids from two Schisandra species and structural revision of preschisanartanin J using NMR computation method / 中国天然药物

Nineteen preschisanartane-type schinortriterpenoids (SNTs), among which eleven ones were previously undescribed, were isolated from two Schisandra species, S. sphaerandra and S. rubriflora. Their structures were determined using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, NMR data comparison, quantum chemical calculation of NMR parameters, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), X-ray single crystal diffraction, and chemical derivation. Furthermore, structural re-examination of a few previously reported preschisanartane-type SNTs led to the structural revision of preschisanartanin J. Besides, it is suggested that the reported structures of arisanlactone D and schilancidilactone W should be re-checked. Finally, a few isolated SNTs were found to possess neurite outgrowth-promoting activities, and protective activities against neural injuries.

Research Progresses on Pharmaceutical Co-crystals of the Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases Treatment Drugs / 医药导报

The pharmaceutical co-crystal has attracted a lot of attention in recent years as a new direction in the research of polymorphism drugs. The research on pharmaceutical co-crystal has scientific significance for improving the solubility, bioavailability and physical or chemical stability of drugs. In this paper, from the perspective of drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases(including five major types: heart failure, hypertension, coronary heart disease and arrhythmia, stroke) , the latest research results of pharmaceutical co-crystal reported in recent years are reviewed, hope to provide reference for the follow-up research and promote the development of pharmaceutical co-crystal in China.

The performance of the new prognostic grade and stage groups in conservatively treated prostate cancer / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

We evaluated the prognosis of the new grade groups and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage groups in men with prostate cancer (PCa) who were treated conservatively. A total of 13 798 eligible men were chosen from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. The new grade and AJCC stage groups were investigated on prostate biopsy specimens. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariable hazards models were applied to estimate the association of new grade and stage groups with overall survival (OS) and PCa-specific survival (CSS). Mean follow-up was 42.65 months (95% confidence interval: 42.47-42.84) in the entire cohort. The 3-year OS and CSS rates stepped down for grade groups 1-5 and AJCC stage groups I-IVB, respectively. After adjusting for clinical and pathological characteristics, all grade groups and AJCC stage groups were associated with higher all-cause and PCa-specific mortality compared to the reference group (all P ≤ 0.003). In conclusion, we evaluated the oncological outcome of the new grade and AJCC stage groups on biopsy specimens of conservatively treated PCa. These two novel clinically relevant classifications can assist physicians to determine different therapeutic strategies for PCa patients.