Analysis on risk factors constituent in 680 cases of nosocomial infection / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the risk factors of nosocomial infections to provide a reference for prevention and control of nosocomial infection.Methods The data of 680 patients with nosocomial infection in this hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively collected.The characteristics of nosocomial infection were analyzed from the aspects of age,hospitalization department,infection site,etc.Results A total of 680 cases of nosocomial infection accounted for 1.67％(680/40 657) of all hospitalization patients,including 316 cases(nosocomial infection rate was 2.47％) of 61-80 years old.The infection rate was the highest in ICU(24.90％),followed by the nephrology department(4.99％).For infection sites,the maximal cases-times in infection site was lower respiratory tract(413 case-times),followed by urinary tract and superficial incision(each 68 case-times).The pathogenic detection rate was 45.03％,and 190 strains of pathogens were detected.The top five places were Escherichia coli(47 strains),Klebsiella pneumoniae(28 strains),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23 strains),Staphylococcus aureus (22 strains) and Bauman Acinetobacter (16 strains).Logistic regression analysis showed that age larger than 60 years old,hospitalization time longer than 60 d,indwelling urinary catheter,peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC),tracheotomy and enteral nutrition were the risk factors for nosocomial infection occurrence.Conclusion Hospital should put the emphasis on preventing nosocomial infection of lower respiratory tract and strengthen the nosocomial infection management of key departments like ICU.

Health risk factors and presenteeism: a look into employees at two enterprises in China / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To analyze the effects of health risk factors on presenteeism in enterprise employees.Methods A hospital in Jinan of Shandong province and a publishing enterprise in Beijing were selected as target settings of this cross-sectional study. Questionnaire survey was carried out to collect information on demographic data,health condition and presenteeism,and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of health risk factors on labor-related presenteeism.Results Insufficient physical activity was found in 42％ percent of the participants,and those with heavy-loaded pressure,overweight or obesity,high blood pressure and unhealthy diet habit accounted for 46％,41％,40％ and 34％,respectively. Proportions of employees with presenteeism varied with age ( x2 =10.1665,P =0.0377),occupation ( x2 =35.3579,P ＜ 0.05 ) and education level ( x2 =50.5377,P ＜ 0.05 ).Female employees ( P =0.0323,OR =1.728,95％ CI 1.047 to 2.850),graduates ( P ＜ 0.05,OR =6.159,95％ CI 2.510 to 15.109),overweight or obesity individuals ( P =0.0076,OR =1.673,95％ CI 1.147 to 2.44) and adults with poor self-perception of health ( P =0.0049,OR =2.284,95％ CI 1.285 to 4.060)seemed to be more likely to be presenteeism.Conclusions Overweight or obesity and poor self-perception of health may be associated with labor-related presenteeism.

Identification of the related substances in docetaxel injection by LC-MS/MS / 药学学报

The related substances in docetaxel injection were identified by LC-MS/MS. Ethyl acetate was used to extract the injection to remove the pharmaceutical excipients. HPLC separation was carried out on a Hedera ODS-2 column (150 mm x 2.1 mm, 5 microm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile - 0.1% acetate acid aqueous solution (40: 60). Electrospray ionization source was set in the positive mode for the LC-ESI-MS/MS, and the ion monitoring modes were full scan and product ion scan. According to the mass spectra of the related substances, the fragment profiles were explained, and the chemical structures were elucidated. Docetaxel and its main related substances were well separated. Nine related substances in docetaxel injection were detected by LC-MS/MS. Their chemical structures were proposed, and four of them were identified in the docetaxel injection for the first time. The established LC-MS/MS method is effective in the separation and identification of the related substances in docetaxel injection. The test results are useful for its quality control.

The anti-HIV activity of three 2-alkylsulfanyl-6-benzyl-3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-4 (3H)-one derivatives acting as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in vitro / 药学学报

It was recently shown that several new synthetic 2-alkylsulfanyl-6-benzyl-3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-4(3H)-one (S-DABO) derivatives demonstrated anti-HIV-1 activity. Three of the derivatives namely RZK-4, RZK-5 and RZK-6 were used in this study to explore their inhibitory effects on a variety of HIV strains. These compounds at a concentration of 200 microg mL(-1) almost completely inhibited the activity of recombinant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. All of the three compounds reduced replication of HIV-1 laboratory-derived strains, low-passage clinical isolated strain, and the drug resistant strain. In particular RZK-6 showed potent activity against the HIV-1 drug resistant strain. In general, the antiviral activities are similar in magnitude to nevirapine (NVP), which is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor approved by FDA. The therapeutic indexes of these compounds were remarkable, ranging from 3704 to 38462 indicating extremely low cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the three S-DABO derivatives in this study have good potential for further development in anti-HIV-1 therapy. It may be particularly useful to target at the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistant HIV-1 strain.