A Multicenter, Open-Label, Observational Study Evaluating the Quality of Life After Using a Hydrophilic-Coated Catheter (SpeediCath) With Self-Intermittent Catheterization / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

Purpose@#We evaluated the change in patient quality of life after the use of a hydrophilic-coated catheter (SpeediCath) in adults requiring intermittent catheterization (IC). @*Methods@#This was a multicenter, open-label, observational study using the Patient Perception of Intermittent Catheterization (PPIC) questionnaire and the Intermittent Self-Catheterization questionnaire (ISC-Q) and safety at 12 and 24 weeks in adult patients who had already used other type of catheters prior to switching to SpeediCath or in patients undergoing self-IC for the first time for any reason. @*Results@#Among a total of 360 subjects, 215 (59.7%) were women, and the mean age was 62.0±13.2 years. At 24 weeks, the satisfaction rate after using SpeediCath was 84.1%, and 80% of patients responded that they could easily perform IC. In total, 81.6% of patients were willing to continue using SpeediCath. The mean ISC-Q score was 54.90±18.65 at 24 weeks. Men found less interference in their daily life by performing IC than women and found it easier to handle the catheter before it was inserted into the urethra. At week 12, the mean change in ISC-Q was significantly greater in patients <65 years (20.24±23.55) than in those ≥65 years (7.57±27.70, P=0.049), but there was no difference at 24 weeks. The most common adverse events were urinary tract infection in 9.72%, gross hematuria in 2.78%, and urethral pain in 1.39%. @*Conclusions@#The use of a SpeediCath provided good quality of life for patients who needed self-IC regardless of age or sex.

Robotic Sacrocolpopexy for Treatment of Apical Compartment Prolapse / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

Abdominal sacrocolpopexy is the gold-standard treatment for apical compartment prolapse, as it is more effective and durable than the transvaginal approach. In the current era of minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy techniques have been described, but have not gained popularity due to their complexity and steep learning curves. To overcome this problem, robotic sacrocolpopexy was introduced, and has shown equivalent outcomes and safety compared to open and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy based on findings that have been accumulated over 15 years.

Sling Surgery for Male Urinary Incontinence Including Post Prostatectomy Incontinence: A Challenge to the Urologist / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

The management of postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPI) is still challenging for urologists. In recent decades, various kinds of male sling system have been developed and introduced; however, they have not yet shown as good a result as that of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). However, a male sling is still in an important position because patients have a high demand for sling implantation, and it can allow the avoidance of the use of mechanical devices like AUS. Recently, the male sling has been widely used in mild-to-moderate PPI patients; however, there are no studies that compare individual devices. Thus, it is hard to directly compare the success rate of operation, and it is impossible to judge which sling system is more excellent. It is expected that many sling options will be available in addition to AUS in the near future with the technological development of various male slings and the accumulation of long-term surgical outcomes. In that in patients with PPI, sling implantation is an option that must be explained rather than an option that need not be explained to them, this review would share the latest outcomes and complications.

The Association Between Obesity and the Nocturia in the U.S. Population / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the association of obesity with nocturia using a nationally representative sample of adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2012. METHODS: A total of 14,135 participants were included in this study. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to find the odds ratio (OR) of obesity for nocturia. Furthermore, the OR of BMI for nocturia was analyzed using restricted cubic splines (RCS) with five knots. We conducted subgroup analysis according to age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM) and further analysis with 1:1 matching data with propensity score. RESULTS: The participants who had body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m² had a significantly higher OR for nocturia (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.28–1.50) than those without obesity. RCS showed a dose-dependent relationship between BMI and OR for nocturia. Subgroup analysis by age, sex, hypertension, and DM showed similar results. Further analysis with 1:1 matching data showed a significant association of obesity with the prevalence of nocturia (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.10–1.41). CONCLUSIONS: This study reported that obesity was significant association with the prevalence of nocturia with dose-dependent manner, regardless of age, sex, hypertension, and DM after taking major confounding factors into account.

A Korean Postmarketing Study Assessing the Effectiveness of OnabotulinumtoxinA for the Treatment of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity or Idiopathic Overactive Bladder Using a Validated Patient-Reported Outcome Measure / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: OnabotulinumtoxinA has demonstrated efficacy and safety in the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) associated with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB); however, real-world evidence is limited. This postmarketing surveillance study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA in Korean patients with UI associated with NDO or OAB with an inadequate response or intolerance to anticholinergics. METHODS: Patients received 200 U (NDO) or 100 U (OAB) of onabotulinumtoxinA. Effectiveness (assessed using the validated International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form [ICIQ-SF]) and safety were assessed for 1–4 months after onabotulinumtoxinA administration. RESULTS: Overall, 686 patients (NDO, 161; OAB, 525) comprised the safety population; of these, 612 patients were analyzed for effectiveness. There was a significant decrease (P5 points from baseline in the ICIQ-SF score was observed in 64.9% and 47.3% of patients in the NDO and OAB groups, respectively. Following treatment, 59.9% in the NDO group and 43.0% in the OAB group were dry. There was no effect of age on effectiveness in either group. Only 10 adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported in 5.6% of NDO patients and 20 ADRs in 3.2% of OAB patients. Most ADRs in both groups were related to the lower urinary tract such as dysuria (NDO, 1.2%; OAB, 0.6%) and urinary retention (NDO, 0.6%; OAB, 1.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Effectiveness and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA in Korea in a real-world setting was demonstrated.

Urinary Nerve Growth Factor as a Potential Biomarker of Treatment Outcomes in Overactive Bladder Patients / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate urinary nerve growth factor (NGF) as a biomarker of treatment efficacy and recurrence in overactive bladder (OAB) patients. METHODS: We enrolled 189 OAB subjects who visited our outpatient clinic from February 2010 to February 2015. All subjects with OAB received antimuscarinic treatment. A 3-day voiding diary and questionnaire were collected from each patient. Urinary levels of NGF were evaluated at baseline, the beginning of antimuscarinic treatment, and the end of antimuscarinic treatment. Urinary NGF was normalized to urine creatinine (Cr). Between-group comparisons of baseline characteristics were made using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to predict responses to anticholinergic treatment and recurrence. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test with the Bonferroni correction was used for intragroup comparisons. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the utility of this biomarker. RESULTS: Urinary levels of NGF/Cr tended to decrease in patients who responded to treatment (n=62), but this was not significant (P=0.260). Urinary NGF levels were higher at baseline in patients who did not experience recurrence than in those who did (P=0.047). In those who did not experience recurrence (n=29), urinary NGF/Cr decreased at the end of treatment compared to baseline, and this reduction was maintained at 12 weeks after the end of treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Urinary NGF is a potential biomarker for predicting the outcome of antimuscarinic treatment in OAB patients. This may provide useful information when deciding to stop antimuscarinic treatment in responders.

Surgical Outcomes and Safety of Robotic Sacrocolpopexy in Women With Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the surgical outcomes and safety of robotic sacrocolpopexy (RSC) in patients with uterine/vaginal vault prolapse. METHODS: Between January 2009 and June 2015, 16 women with apical prolapse underwent RSC. Pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) examination was performed, and treatment success was defined as the presence of grade 0 or I apical prolapse upon POP-Q examination at the final follow-up. Pelvic floor distress inventory-short form 20 (PFDI-SF 20) was administered at every follow-up. A treatment satisfaction questionnaire was administered by telephone to evaluate patient satisfaction with the operation. RESULTS: Median age was 65 years (interquartile range [IQR], 56–68 years), and follow-up duration was 25.3 months (IQR, 5.4–34.0 months). Thirteen women (81.3%) had ≥grade III apical prolapse. Operation time was 251 minutes (IQR, 236–288 minutes), and blood loss was 75 mL (IQR, 50–150 mL). Median hospital stay was 4 days (IQR, 3–5 days). At the final follow-up, treatment success was reported in all patients, who presented grade 0 (n=8, 57.1%) and grade I (n=6, 42.9%) apical prolapse. Dramatic improvements in PFDI-SF 20 scores were noted after RSC (from 39 to 4; P=0.001). Most patients (12 of 13) were satisfied with RSC. An intraoperative complication (sacral venous plexus injury) was reported in 1 patient, and there was no conversion to open surgery. Mesh erosion was not reported. CONCLUSIONS: RSC is an efficient and safe surgical option for apical prolapse repair. Most patients were satisfied with RSC. Thus, RSC might be one of the best treatment options for apical prolapse in women.

Assessing the Readjustable Sling Procedure (Remeex System) for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence With Detrusor Underactivity / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: Many surgeons worry about postoperative voiding problems in patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and detrusor underactivity (DU). This study hypothesized that adjusting the tension after surgery would benefit patients with DU, and therefore researchers evaluated the outcomes and quality of life of women with SUI and DU who underwent the readjustable sling procedure (Remeex). METHODS: The medical records of 27 patients who were treated with the Remeex system for SUI and DU between 2007 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The incontinence visual analogue scale (I-VAS), incontinence quality of life questionnaire (I-QOL) and the Sandvik incontinence severity index (ISI) were used to evaluate the efficacy of the Remeex system both prior to surgery and at the last visit after surgery. The treatment was considered successful if there was no urine leakage based on the Sandvik questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 38.0 months (range, 1–75 months), and the treatment success rate was 81.5%. Despite no urine leakage, 7 patients wanted the Remeex system to be removed due to persistent postoperative urinary retention within a year of surgery. One patient underwent a long-term adjustment under local anesthesia 6 years after the initial surgery. The I-VAS, ISI and all domains of the I-QOL scores improved significantly postoperatively and the maximum flow rate decreased significantly after the procedure. However, the postvoid residual did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The Remeex system provided a good cure rate and improved the quality of life of women with SUI and DU. Therefore, the Remeex system should be considered as a treatment option for female patients with concomitant SUI and DU.

Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Overactive Bladder Patients: Urinary Nerve Growth Factor, Prostaglandin E2, and Adenosine Triphosphate / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of overactive bladder (OAB). METHODS: A total of 219 subjects were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: OAB subjects (n=189) and controls without OAB symptoms (n=30). Three-day voiding diaries and questionnaires were collected, and urinary levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), prostaglandin E2, and adenosine triphosphate were measured and normalized to urine creatinine (Cr). Baseline characteristics and urinary levels of markers were analyzed. A receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic performance of urinary markers. Urinary levels of markers according to subgroup and pathogenesis of OAB were evaluated. Correlation analyses were used to analyze the relationship between urinary levels of markers and voiding diary parameters and questionnaires. RESULTS: There was no difference between the 2 groups with regards to age, sex ratio, or urine Cr (P>0.05). The urinary levels of NGF/Cr were higher in OAB subjects than in controls (P < 0.001). Urinary NGF/Cr was a sensitive biomarker for discriminating OAB patients (area under the curve=0.741; 95% confidence interval, 0.62–0.79; P=0.001) in the ROC curve. The urinary levels of NGF/Cr were significantly higher in OAB subjects than in controls regardless of subgroup or pathogenesis. Correlation analysis demonstrated urinary urgency was significantly related to urinary NGF/Cr level (correlation coefficient, 0.156). Limitations include a relatively wide variation of urinary markers. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary NGF is a potential biomarker that could serve as a basis for adjunct diagnosis of OAB.

Utilization Trend of Partial Nephrectomy for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma in Korea: An Multicenter study using URO-PDS

PURPOSE: Partial nephrectomy has a similar oncologic outcome to radical nephrectomy while reducing cardiac and metabolic morbidity. However, previous studies reported that partial nephrectomy had been underutilized. The purpose of this study is to analyze trends in the use of partial nephrectomy in Korea and evaluate which individual factors and hospital factor influenced the operative approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using URO-PDS database, 11560 patients underwent nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma between 2006 and 2010 were identified. International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) diagnosis codes were applied to target subject of interest. Logistic regression was applied to identify determinants of partial nephrectomy. RESULTS: Over the study period, the proportion of partial nephrectomies has steadily increased from 9.4% in 2006 to 30.4% in 2010 (p<0.001). Deviation of utilization in partial nephrectomy has been observed based on the area (p<0.001) and type of surgery (p<0.001). Individual of younger age, as well as male, were more likely to be treated with partial nephrectomy (p<0.001 for each). Furthermore, Patient treated at hospitals with higher nephrectomy volume were more prone to be treated with partial nephrectomy (p<0.001 for each). CONCLUSIONS: Partial nephrectomies have been increasingly performed over the study period but are still underutilized.

Multiple cores of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and any core of atypia on first biopsy are significant predictor for cancer detection at a repeat biopsy

PURPOSE: To investigate the differences in the cancer detection rate and pathological findings on a second prostate biopsy according to benign diagnosis, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) on first biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 1,323 patients who underwent a second prostate biopsy between March 1995 and November 2012. We divided the patients into three groups according to the pathologic findings on the first biopsy (benign diagnosis, HGPIN, and ASAP). We compared the cancer detection rate and Gleason scores on second biopsy and the unfavorable disease rate after radical prostatectomy among the three groups. RESULTS: A total of 214 patients (16.2%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer on a second biopsy. The rate of cancer detection was 14.6% in the benign diagnosis group, 22.1% in the HGPIN group, and 32.1% in the ASAP group, respectively (p<0.001). When patients were divided into subgroups according to the number of positive cores, the rate of cancer detection was 16.7%, 30.5%, 31.0%, and 36.4% in patients with a single core of HGPIN, more than one core of HGPIN, a single core of ASAP, and more than one core of ASAP, respectively. There were no significant differences in Gleason scores on second biopsy (p=0.324) or in the unfavorable disease rate after radical prostatectomy among the three groups (benign diagnosis vs. HGPIN, p=0.857, and benign diagnosis vs. ASAP, p=0.957, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with multiple cores of HGPIN or any core number of ASAP on a first biopsy had a significantly higher cancer detection rate on a second biopsy. Repeat biopsy should be considered and not be delayed in those patients.

Predictive factors of prolonged warm ischemic time (> or =30 minutes) during partial nephrectomy under pneumoperitoneum

PURPOSE: Current clinical data support a safe warm ischemia time (WIT) limit of 30 minutes during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) or robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN). We evaluated independent factors predicting prolonged WIT (more than 30 minutes) after LPN or RPN. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective data review was performed for 317 consecutive patients who underwent LPN or RPN performed by the same surgeon from October 2007 to May 2013. Patients were divided into two groups: group A was defined as prolonged WIT (> or =30 minutes) and group B as short WIT ( or =25 mm; odds ratio, 2.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-5.96; p=0.002), and surgeon experience (p<0.001) were independent predictors of prolonged WIT. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeon experience, tumor size, and PADUA score predicted prolonged WIT after RPN or LPN. Among these factors, increasing surgical experience with LPN or RPN is the most important factor for preventing prolonged WIT.

Penile Abscess Secondary to Neglected Penile Fracture after Intracavernosal Vasoactive Drug Injection

Penile abscesses are rare, but can develop after trauma, injection therapy, or surgery of the penis, or as an unusual presentation of sexually transmitted diseases. We report a case of penile abscess in a 51-year-old diabetic man, presented 9 days after neglected penile fracture following intracavernosal injection therapy and sexual intercourse. Penile ultrasonography and surgical exploration confirmed the physical examination findings of involvement of the corpus cavernosum. The pus culture from the abscess revealed Enterococcous faecalis. The patient was successfully treated by surgical drainage of the abscess and primary closure of the ruptured tunica albuginea.