Congenital Bronchoesophageal Fistula with Imperforate Anus and Atrial Septal Defect in a 3-Year-Old Child / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

Congenital bronchoesophageal fistula (BEF), congenital communication between esophagus and bronchus, is a rare malformation. Benign BEF shows only nonspecific symptoms that may delay a correct diagnosis and proper treatment. This is a case of a 3-year-old boy presenting congenital BEF with imperforate anus and atrial septal defect. He had recurrent pneumonia in the right lower lobe since he was 5 months old. A barium swallow examination showed a communicating fistula between the lower esophagus and the right lower lobe bronchus. Computed tomography scan supported to delineate the course of the fistula. He underwent resection surgery of the fistula and lobectomy of the right lower lobe. He recovered without any postoperative complications.

Analysis of the Macronutrient Composition of Breast Milk from Korean Women and Growth of Infants / 대한주산의학회잡지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the macronutrient composition of breast milk from Korean women on the growth of infants. METHODS: 173 healthy lactating women and breast-fed infants who visited Gangnam Severance Hospital and two breast-feeding centers in Seoul from October 2011 to March 2012 were recruited. We checked the birth weight and body weight of infants while collecting breast milk from the mothers, and analyzed the macronutrient component of breast milk with a mid-infrared milk analyzer (MIRIS(R) Human Milk Analyzer, HMA, Miris AB, Uppsala, Sweden). Group analysis was performed depending on more or less than 5 percentile and 25 percentile of body weight. RESULTS: The amount of daily intake/RDA for calories, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates of breast milk were significantly lower in the less than 5 percentile and 25 percentile group (P<0.05). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the significant nutrient component that was insufficient in the less than 5 percentile and less than 25 percentile of body weight group respectively was carbohydrates (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that each macronutrient level of breast milk is statistically low in infants with less body weight. These results suggest that nutritional consideration of breast milk is necessary for the growth of breast-fed infants.

The Correlation Between the Smoking and Oxygen Free Radicals in Men

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to empirically investigate the determinants on oxygen free radical degree which causes biological damage focusing on smoking habit and health behaviors in daily life. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the subjects were adult males who submitted free radical tests among the examinees of the comprehensive medical testings at an university hospital in Suwon from 2008 to 2010. Total 497 samples were used in analyses for clarifying the relations of free radical degree to age, smoking, obesity, and other health behaviors. RESULTS: First, the degree of oxygen free radical increases by 0.164 as the age group increases (P<0.05). Second, the degree of oxygen free radical increases by 0.547 as the smoking habit increases (P<0.001). Third, the degree of oxygen free radical increases by 0.087 as the exposure to hazardous factors in workplace increases (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study imply that the smoking habit has more great influence on the increase of oxygen free radical in body than any other health behaviors. The causality of free radical to smoking and health behavior was not identified due to the limit of the cross-sectional study so it needs to be studied prospectively in the future.

A Case of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Confirmed by Molecular Genetic Analysis / 대한소아신경학회지

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is the rare neurometabolic disease caused by the deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A resulting in a deficiency of sulfatide degradation and the target gene is ARSA gene. We report a case of the late infantile form of MLD that was confirmed by means of enzyme assay and gene analysis with typical brain MRI and MR spectroscopy finding.