Numerical taxonomy of Old World Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae). 1 - Considerations of morphological characters in the genus Phlebotomus Rondani & Berté 1840

Numerical analyses (correspondence analyses, ascending hierarchical classification, cladistic approach) were applied to the morphological characters of the adults of the genus Phlebotomus Rondani & Berté 1840. They confirm the reliability of the classic classifications, and also redefine the taxonomic and phylogenetic position of certain taxa. Thus, Spelaeophlebotomus Theodor 1948, Idiophlebotomus Quate & Fairchild 1961 and Australophlebotomus Theodor 1948 deserve generic rank. Among the vectors of leishmaniasis, the subgenus Phlebotomus Rondani & Berté 1840 is probably ancient. The results attribute an intermediate taxonomic and phylogenetic position to the taxa Euphlebotomus Theodor 1948 and Anaphlebotomus Theodor 1948, and reveal the probable artificial nature of the latter. The comparatively large numbers of species of subgenera Paraphlebotomus Theodor 1948, Synphlebotomus Theodor 1948 and, above all, Larroussius Nitzulescu 1931 and Adlerius Nitzulescu 1931, suggest that they are relatively recent. The development of adult morphological characters, the validity of their use in taxonomy and proposals for further studies are discussed.

Numerical taxonomy of Old World Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae). 2 - Restatement of classification upon subgeneric morphological characters

Numerical analyses (correspondence analyses, ascending hierarchical classification, and cladistics) were done with morphological characters of adult phlebotomine sandflies. The resulting classification largely confirms that of classical taxonomy for supra-specific groups from the Old World, though the positions of some groups are adjusted. The taxa Spelaeophlebotomus Theodor 1978, Idiophlebotomus Quate & Fairchild 1961, Australophlebotomus Theodor 1948 and Chinius Leng 1987 are notably distinct from other Old World groups, particularly from the genus Phlebotomus Rondani & Berté 1840. Spelaeomyia Theodor 1948 and, in particular, Parvidens Theodor & Mesghali 1964 are clearly separate from Sergentomyia França & Parrot 1920.

Los aspectos humanos de la organización / The human aspects of the organization

La ciencia del comportamiento, cuyo objeto aún no está delimitado, se refiere a los determinantes individuales, sociales y culturales del comportamiento humano, lo cual constituye un verdadero laberinto. La presente obra pretende, ante todo intentar delimitar el objeto mismo de este nuevo campo del conocimiento; describir su evolución en el tiempo; presentar un modelo que permita reconocer el conjunto de factores pertinentes a la descripción y comprensión del comportamiento humano en las organizaciones y destacar las interdependencias o interrelaciones que existen entre esta multitud de factores