Effect of Yes-associated protein in regulation of electroacupuncture pretreatment on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury rats / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on inflammatory reaction, apoptosis and expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) of ischemic penumbra of cerebral cortex in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury rats, and to explore the possible mechanism of its neuroprotection effect.@*METHODS@#A total of 84 SD rats were randomized into a sham operation group (12 rats), a model group (18 rats), an EA group (18 rats), an EA+YAP virus transfection group (18 rats) and an EA+virus control group (18 rats). Except for the sham operation group, thread embolization method was adopted to establish the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats of the other groups. EA was applied at "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Dazhui" (GV 14) for 30 min in the 3 EA intervention groups 2 h before model establishment, disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/15 Hz in frequency and 1 mA in intensity. Adenovirus transfection technique was used to induce gene silencing of YAP in the EA+YAP virus transfection group, and adenovirus vectors was injected as negative control in the EA+virus control group 4 d before model establishment. Twenty-four hours after model establishment, neurological function score was evaluated, the relative cerebral infarction area was observed by TTC staining, the apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra of cerebral cortex was detected by TUNEL staining, the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the ischemic penumbra of cerebral cortex was detected by ELISA method, the expression of YAP was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the sham operation group, the expression of YAP was increased in the model group (@*CONCLUSION@#Electroacupuncture pretreatment can effectively improve the ischemia reperfusion injury, its mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression of YAP in the ischemic penumbra of cerebral cortex and relieving the apoptosis and inflammatory reaction.

Effect of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation on stress in brain surgery with propofol target controlled infusion general anesthesia / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation (TAES) on stress who received propofol target controlled infusion (TCI) general anesthesia in brain surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 40 neurosurgical patients of I-II grade (ASA grading) in our hospital were randomly divided into the TAES group (T group) and the control group (C group), 20 in each group. All patients received intravenous anesthesia by propofol TCI. The TAES intervention was adopted in those of C group. Electrodes were only applied to corresponding acupoints without electric stimulation. The arterial blood was withdrawn before TAES (T0), before anesthesia (T1), before cutting (T2), at 60 min after encephalic incision (T3), immediately after incisions suture (T4), at about 10 min after removing tracheal catheters (T5) to detect beta-endorphin (beta-EP), cortisol (COR), adrenalin (E), blood sugar (Glu). The heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded. The total time of surgery, anesthesia, total infusion amount, blood lost amount, and urine amount were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In both groups, HR, MAP, COR, and E at T2 were lower than at T0 significantly (P < 0.05). beta-EP in group C at T2 was lower than at T0 significantly (P < 0.05). HR, MAP, COR in group C at T3 were higher than at T0 significantly (P < 0.05). HR, MAP, E, and Glu in group C at T4 and T5 were higher than at T0 significantly (P < 0.05). beta-EP in group T at T1 and T3 were higher than at T0 significantly (P < 0.05). HR, COR, E, Glu, and beta-EP in group T at T4 and T5 were higher than at T0 significantly (P < 0.05). Between groups, comparing with the time point T0, the amplitude of variation of MAP, COR, and E at T2 in group C were significantly less (P < 0.05); the amplitude of variation of HR, MAP, and COR at T3 in group C were less significantly, when compared with the time point T0 (P < 0.05); the amplitude of variation of HR, MAP, COR, E, and Glu at T4 and T5 in group C were less significantly, when compared with the time point T0 (P < 0.05). When comparing the two groups, the amplitude of variation of beta-EP at time points of T1, T3, T4, and T5 in group T were larger than at T0 in group C (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TAES could reduce stress and stabilize the internal environment when used in brain surgery with propofol TCI general anesthesia.</p>

Laser treatment of port wine stains / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the efficiency of the PDL in the treatment of PWS in Chinese patients with skin type III-IV.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>252 patients with PWS at different anatomical sites were retrospectively studied. A flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser was used. The differences in therapeutic effect of laser were analyzed in the following ways: (1) by dermatomal distribution of face and neck; (2) by anatomical subdivision of face; (3) by the size of the lesion. The therapeutic effect was graded as 0 < or = poor < 25%, 25% < or = fair < 50%, 50% < or = good < 75%, 75% < or = excellent < or = 100%.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It revealed that the lesions at neck had the best response. The dermatome II zone showed the least response to PDL. Among the anatomical subdivision of face, the frontal area had the highest clearance, while the zygoma and cheek had the lowest clearance. Patients with PWS on the extremities respond less favorably with the fair lightening effect. Furthermore, the mean lightening was decreased as the size of PWS was increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The response difference of PWS to PDL was not only related to the anatomical region, but also related to the lesion size. It is imperative to give the patients rational treatment suggestion and normal expectation.</p>

Cephalometry of Li people through 3-dimensional CT / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the skull characteristics of the Li people in Hainan through 3-D CT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CT scan and 3-D reconstruction are very helpful for the cephalometry including the distance and angle measurement. The image can also be enlarged to make the measurement more precisely. 80 Li volunteers underwent the cephalometry through 3-D CT. The data were analyzed and compared with those an people.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed difference between the genders of Li people. Compared with Han people, Li people has their own facial characteristics, such as wider face and wider orbital distance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cephalometry through 3-D CT can show the skull characteristics precisely. The data in this study has great significance in craniomaxillofacial surgery and ethnology.</p>

Experiment of using distraction osteogenesis to repair skull defect / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the possibility of using distraction osteogenesis to repair skull defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>17 goats with one year age were chosen randomly. The animals were divided to 3 groups. Group A includes 7 goats, a 3.0 cm x 2.2 cm rectangle skull defect is created on both sides of parietal area. Group B includes 5 goats, a 2.2 cm x 2.2 cm square skull defect was created on right side of parietal area. Group C includes 5 goats, a 3 cm x 1 cm rectangle skull defect was created on both sides of parietal area. Accordingly, different size of transport discs were created on right side of skull and the distraction apparatus is implanted. 3-D CT was done to measure the skull defect on group A. Biomechanical test was done on group B. Process of bone formation illustrated by histological stain, scan and transparent electric microscope was observed on group C.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Group A measured by 3-D CT showed that skull defect of experimental side have been repaired by distraction osteogenesis. There was definitely difference between experimental and control side (P < 0.01). Group B measured by biomechanical test showed no definitely difference between experimental and normal side (maximum load P = 0.235 > 0.05, rigidity P = 0.213 > 0.05). Group C showed that the process of bone formation was typical intramembranous.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The evidence showed that skull defect of goat can be repaired by distraction osteogenesis.</p>

The surgical management of unilateral Craniofacial Atrophy and Hypoplasia / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the surgical reconstruction of unilateral Craniofacial Atrophy and Hypoplasia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the etiological factors and severity of the facial deformities, different methods are employed, including bone framework reconstruction, soft tissue transplantation, orthognathic surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From September 1998 to August 2004, 42 cases were treated, Include: Hemifacial Microsomia 22 cases, Hemifacial Atrophy 16 cases, unilateral facial hypoplasia due to radiation 4 cases. Miniplate and transplants extrusion occurred on 2 post radiation patients due to poor soft tissue coverage, infection occurred on 1 patient after mandibular ramus reconstruction using autogenous rib and contralateral mandibular outer cortex. The leaving patients recovered well and the facial asymmetry were improved greatly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Facial asymmetry due to unilateral Craniofacial Atrophy or Hypoplasia is a common and complex condition for surgical management, The surgical plan should be delicated made individually according to the severity of the soft tissue and the underlying bone framework.</p>

Treatment of the asymmetric prominent mandibular angle / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the causes and treatment of the asymmetric prominent mandibular angle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 1996 to 2001, mandibular angle osteotomy, mandibular outer cortex osteotomy, mandible, genioplasty and buccal pad excision were selected to treat 70 patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients had satisfactory results with complications of bleeding, infection and labial scar in three patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Asymmetric prominent mandibular angle should be treated according to the characteristics of the deformity. Mandibular angle osteotomy, osteotomy of outer cortex of the mandible, genioplasty and bucal pad excision can provide satisfactory result.</p>

Analysis of the complications following correction of mandibular angle prominence / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the causes and the prophylactic measures for the complications following correction of mandibular angle prominence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 1996 to 2001, a total of 203 patients with mandibular angle prominence underwent mandibular angle osteotomy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of them, 9 patients had postoperative complications, which included bleeding, hematoma, infection, mental nerve injury, labia scar, asymmetry, and steep mandibular angle.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The correction of mandibular angle prominence should be designed and performed precisely. Care must be taken to avoid severe complications like condyle fracture.</p>

Secondary reconstruction of post-fracture deformities in the nasal-orbital ethmoid region / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the surgical reconstruction of secondary fracture deformities of the nasal-orbital ethmoid area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Typical bicoronal and subciliary incisions or the adjacent scar incision were employed to expose the fractured area. The flattened nasal bone was narrowed by curved osteotomy along the medial orbital rims and trimed with a bur. 2-3 pieces of cranial outer table were used to reconstruct the nasal framework, which were fixed to the frontal bone with mini-plates. After the medial orbital wall and orbital floor were exposed, the herniated orbital contents were released and reduced to the orbital cavity. The fractured orbital walls were repaired precisely with autogenous cranial outer table or Medpor. The medial canthal tendons were anchored superior-posteriorly to the lacrimal fossa with transnasal wires.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From December 1996 to December 2001, 34 cases of severe nasal-orbital ethmoid fracture deformities were repaired with this technique. Of them, 12 cases had combined orbital-zygomatic fracture, 4 cases had fontal sinus fracture, 1 case had Le Fort II and 1 case had Le Fort III fracture. All the patients recovered well and their facial appearance improved greatly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The key points for surgical reconstruction of the periorbital post-fracture deformities are narrowing the flattened nasal root by curved osteotomy, the nasal framework reconstruction with autogenous bone graft, the orbital wall repair to correct enophthalmos, and most importantly, the medial canthal tendon reduction and canthal plasty.</p>

Intro-extro cranial approach treat serious post fronto-orbital fracture deformities / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the method of treating serious secondary fronto-orbital fracture deformities through intro-extra cranial approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The fronto-orbital fracture was divided into two types according to whether there were any large scale fronto-orbital bone defects: type I: Large scale fronto-orbital bone defect; type II: Concave fronto-orbital fracture deformity without large scale bone defect. Both types were treated through intro-extra cranial approach to expose the fracture site. For type I deformity, the bone defects were repaired and reconstructed with outer table of cranial bone and artificial bone. For type II, the deformity was repaired by osteotomy, bone reposition and internal rigid fixation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>18 cases were treated from June 1998 to October 2000, include type I, 12 cases, and type II, 6 cases. All the patients recovered well and the post-operative appearance were greatly improved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intro-extra cranial approach can expose the fractured site better than the simple extrocranio approach, and make the operation more easily done. Combined with the technique of cranio maxillo facial surgery, the treatment can be more complete and the results can be more satisfactory.</p>