RESUMO
Background and Aim: High intake of caffeine and its side effects have attracted attention. Caffeine used by pregnant and breast-feeding women can enter the baby's body through placenta and milk. There have been many studies on the effects of caffeine on bone tissue with conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of caffeine on fetal rat femur bone
Material and Methods: Fetuses of female N-MRI rats were selected and divided into control [n=84] and caffeine treated [n=89] groups. We selected randomly 4 fetuses of every rat, one for skeletal abnormalities, one for evaluation of femur bone, the third and 4[th] fetuses were used for histological examination [H and E staining and Alcianblue-Alizarin R/S], and morphometric and biochemical studies respectively
Result: According to the findings of this study, fetal weights, rate of bone formation in the femur bone, concentration of phosphorus, zinc, magnesium and calcium in femur as well as the length of ossified bone and total area of the femur bone in the treatment group showed a significant decrease. Also we found a significant decrease in femoral bone length. Periosteum area/total area ratio in the cross section showed a slight increase in the treatment group which was not significant
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, caffeine can cause detrimental effects on bone formation and factors such as duration, doses and time of consumption of caffeine can influence the occurrence of anomalies in the fetus
RESUMO
Some aspects of life style in adulthood have major preventive role from osteoporosis in adult ages. This research has been done in order to determining female teenager's life style in relation with prevention of osteoporosis. This research was a descriptive - analytical study. In this study, 760 person of female teenage students in high schools and pre-university centers of zone 17 in Tehran city were chosen by random classified cluster sampling method. In this study, the tool for data collection was written questionnaire, and method of it was answering to questionnaire. The questionnaire had 2 parts. First part included demographic characteristics, and second part included different dimensions of lifestyle in relation with prevention of osteoporosis, such as nutrition, exercise and physical activity, habits [smoking, using weight loss food regimen and weight loss drug]. The life style categorized as 3 levels unfavorable, partially favorable, and favorable. The collected information was assessed by SPSS software and descriptive and analytical statistical methods were used to reaching study objects. Results Showed nutrition, physical activity and exercise the highest percent of cases [51.8%, 57.7%] had undesirable lifestyle. Also 50 percent of cases had undesirable lifestyle. About habits [Smoking, using weight loss food regimen and using weight loss drug] the highest percent of cases [74.9%] had desirable lifestyle. Also there was a significant statistical relationship between life style and variables of education level [p=0.004], economical status of family [p=0.043], the birth number in family [p=0.001] and educational level of mother [p=0.005]. According to the results of research, lifestyle of 50% of female teenagers was undesirable. Findings of this research are attentive and need more assessment and planning by responsible people in order to omitting noted problems in lifestyle