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@#This study observed the functional changes in brain activity while performing real and imagery movement using functional MRI (fMRI); and to compare the fMRI changes of motor imagery before and after mindfulness meditation (MM) training for correlation with actual brain computer interface (BCI) performance. Thirty-eight participants completed a randomized control trial consisting of 2 groups (MM and non-intervention control groups) to study the effect of MM on BCI performance. The MM group participated in a 4-week MM intervention programme. Out of the 38 cohorts, five participants from the MM group and five from the control group were fMRI scanned for real and imagery movement of right hand, left hand and both feet, before and after intervention. Statistical parametric mapping was used for post processing and analysis of fMRI data. The MM group showed a significant improvement in BCI performance compared to the control group. The fMRI results showed activation of right hand, left hand and both feet motor imagery at fronto-parietal regions before MM training (p <0.05, family wise error). After MM training, the fMRI results revealed a focused activation in 3 out of 4 of the trained subjects during right hand motor imagery, 2 out of 4 of the trained subjects during both feet motor imagery and 1 out of 4 of the trained subjects during left hand motor imagery, compared to the control group. This is also correlated with the improvement of BCI accuracy of the intervention group after MM training. Mindfulness meditation improves BCI performance and is correlated with focused activation of the fronto-parietal region in fMRI during motor imagery.
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@#Objective: This study evaluates the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) in assessing median nerve by measuring diffusion parameters such as fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) at different sites of median nerve and evaluating their differences in patients with and without carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in local setting. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was performed with 9 female patients diagnosed with CTS by clinical evaluation and nerve conduction study and 8 age and sex matched normal patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) wrist was performed with pre-set axial PD and DTI protocol on a 3T MRI, images post-processed using 3D SLICER software to generate median nerve tract and measure diffusion parameters FA, MD, AD and RD in segments and focal points. Results: The FA values were significantly lower in CTS patients, 0.454 (± 0.065), p< 0.002 and demonstrates negative correlation with disease severity, r = - 0.510, p = 0.002.The mean MD, 1.090 (± 0.178) and mean RD, 0.834 (± 0.128) is higher in CTS patients, p = 0.041 and p = 0.014 respectively. They show an increasing trend with increasing disease severity. Negative correlation was noted between the FA values and age groups. FA cut of value of ≤ 0.487 with sensitivity 70.6 % and specificity 76.5%, is suggested for diagnosing CTS.Conclusion: MR neurography using DTI can be utilised to detect CTS. Patients with CTS demonstrate lower FA and higher MD and RD values.
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@#Objective To develop a novel methylene blue staining technique to localize small esophageal leiomyomas ( small esophageal leiomyomas ( and 4 females with an average age of 51 years. We preoperatively injected 0.5–1.0 ml methylene blue in the submucosa adjacent to the tumors under the guidance of gastroscope. Then, we transferred the patients to the operating room. Results Staining was successful in 9 patients. The unstained tumor was exposed after the blue-stained mediastinal pleura and overlying muscle were incised longitudinally during ideo-assisted thoracoscopic surgery via one utility port. No abnormalities were detected in the esophageal mucosa. No major complications, such as esophageal leakage or esophageal diverticulum occurred. Conclusion Endoscopic methylene blue staining is safe and feasible for localizing small esophageal leiomyomas during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery via one utility port. This method will enable enucleation precise and easy.