RESUMO
@#Alveolar bone is an important anatomic basis for implant-supported denture restoration, and its different degrees of defects determine the choices of bone augmentation surgeries. Therefore, the reconstruction of alveolar bone defects is an important technology in the clinical practice of implant restoration. However, the final reconstructive effect of bone quality, bone quantity and bone morphology is affected by many factors. Clinicians need to master the standardized diagnosis and treatment principles and methods to improve the treatment effect and achieve the goal of both aesthetic and functional reconstruction of both jaws. Based on the current clinical experience of domestic experts and the relevant academic guidelines of foreign counterparts, this expert consensus systematically and comprehensively summarized the augmentation strategies of alveolar bone defects from two aspects: the classification of alveolar bone defects and the appropriate selection of bone augmentation surgeries. The following consensus are reached: alveolar bone defects can be divided into five types (Ⅰ-0, Ⅰ-Ⅰ, Ⅱ-0, Ⅱ-Ⅰ and Ⅱ-Ⅱ) according to the relationship between alveolar bone defects and the expected position of dental implants. A typeⅠ-0 bone defect is a bone defect on one side of the alveolar bone that does not exceed 50% of the expected implant length, and there is no obvious defect on the other side; guided bone regeneration with simultaneous implant implantation is preferred. Type Ⅰ-Ⅰ bone defects refer to bone defects on both sides of alveolar bone those do not exceed 50% of the expected implant length; the first choice is autologous bone block onlay grafting for bone increments with staged implant placement or transcrestal sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant implantation. Type Ⅱ-0 bone defects show that the bone defect on one side of alveolar bone exceeds 50% of the expected implant length, and there’s no obvious defect on the other side; autologous bone block onlay grafting (thickness ≤ 4 mm) or alveolar ridge splitting (thickness > 4 mm) is preferred for bone augmentation with staged implant placement. Type Ⅱ-Ⅰ bone defects indicate that the bone plate defect on one side exceeds 50% of the expected implant length and the bone defect on the other side does not exceed 50% of the expected implant length; autologous bone block onlay grafting or tenting techniques is preferred for bone increments with staged implant implantation. Type Ⅱ-Ⅱ bone defects are bone plates on both sides of alveolar bone those exceed 50% of the expected implant length; guided bone regeneration with rigid mesh or maxillary sinus floor elevation or cortical autologous bone tenting is preferred for bone increments with staged implant implantation. This consensus will provide clinical physicians with appropriate augmentation strategies for alveolar bone defects.
RESUMO
@#Deglutition is one of the basic physiological functions of humans. The surgical treatment of oral cancer can cause impairment in swallowing functions and even dysphagia in serious cases. Currently, there are many types of methods for assessing dysphagia, including bedside evaluation, scale evaluation, radiographic assessment, and stress or electromyographic evaluation during swallowing. However, each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages, and there is no uniform standard. This article briefly introduces the current status of methods for assessing dysphagia related to oral cancer.
RESUMO
Objective@#To evaluate the expression of HAase in Oral Squamous Cell Caricinoma (OSCC). @*Methods @# The distribution and expression of HAase in 21 patients with OSCC and their resecetions with tumor-free margins were examined by immunohistochemistry method.@*Results@#HAase were mainly immunostained in tumor tissue. The expression of HAase in oral cancer with nodal metastasis and low pathological grades were higher than that with no nodal metastasis and high pathological grades (P < 0.05), whereas no difference between the TNM stages (P > 0. 05). @*Conclusion @#The HAase levels were high in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues, and rising in patients with lymph node metastasis and poorly differentiated.