An introduction to the orthodontic resident training program at Osaka Dental University and its reference value to orthodontic resident training in China / 口腔疾病防治

@#Orthodontic resident training has a long history abroad. Its purpose is to teach general practitioners in dentistry about basic knowledge and operating standards and to lay a solid foundation for the normalization and standardization of techniques. Osaka Dental University, established in 1911, is one of the oldest dental higher education facilities in Japan and Asia. Its systematic orthodontic resident training program has specific characteristics, including a thorough foundation in basic training, sufficient practice time in clinical work, and an emphasis on both clinical thinking ability and technical detail mastery. Recently, orthodontic resident training programs in China have achieved significant progress in a short period. In this manuscript, we introduce the orthodontic training program of Osaka Dental University in terms of enrollment, training arrangements, orthodontic basic education and clinical training in order to offer a reference for the continuous improvement of the standardized training system for resident doctors of stomatology in China.

Research progress of influence mechanism of reactive oxygen species on implant osseointegration in diabetic patients / 口腔疾病防治

@#Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, often accompanied by bone metabolic disorders, microvascular diseases, etc. At present, it is still controversial whether diabetes will reduce the survival rate of implants, but studies have shown that diabetes can damage the bone tissue around the implants and interfere with the process of osseointegration by producing excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS). In this paper, combined with the literature published worldwide in recent years, the effect and mechanism of ROS on the osteointegration of implants of diabetic patients and the measures to improve the osteointegration under the condition of diabetes are reviewed. The results of literature review showed that excessive ROS induced by diabetes can damage osseointegration through adenosine 5′-monophosphate -activated protein kinase, Wnt/catenin, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B, mitogen activated protein kinase and other signaling pathways, as well as vascular injury. In animal models of diabetes, some drugs, such as insulin, curcumin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and metformin, have been shown to improve the osseointegration of implants to some extent by reducing ROS levels. These results suggest that ROS may be a key therapeutic target for improving success rate of dental implant treatment in diabetic patients.

Associations of exposure to noise with physiological and psychological outcomes among post-cardiac surgery patients in ICUs

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to study the associations of noise with heart rate, blood pressure, and perceived psychological and physiological responses among post-cardiac surgery patients in ICUs. METHODS: Forty patients participated in this study after recovering from anesthesia. A sound-level meter was placed at bedsides to measure noise level for 42 hours, and patients' heart rate and blood pressure were recorded every 5 minutes. Patients were also interviewed for their perceived psychological/physiological responses. RESULTS: The average noise level was between 59.0 and 60.8 dB(A) at the study site. Annoyance and insomnia were the respective psychological and physiological responses reported most often among the patients. Although noise level, irrespective of measures, was not observed to be significantly associated with the self-assessed psychological and physiological responses, it was significantly associated with both heart rate and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that the noise in ICUs may adversely affect the heart rate and blood pressure of patients, which warrants the attention of hospital administrators and health care workers.