Relationship between chronotype and mental health problems among middle school students in Taiyuan / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine mental health problems among adolescents in Taiyuan City and its relationship to chronotype, so as to give a scientific basis for supporting mental health of middle school students.@*Methods@#From October to November 2021, a total of 2 621 pupils were enrolled from three junior high schools and two senior high schools in Taiyuan by using a multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method to investigate demographic characteristics, mental health status, and chronotype. Chi squared test, Spearman correlation analysis and Logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between sleep patterns and mental health problems in middle school students.@*Results@#The proportion of morning, intermediate and evening types of middle school students sleep were 17.9%, 65.6%, and 16.4%, respectively. The overall detection rate of mental health problems was 13.8 %, which was statistically significant among middle school students in different grades, self perceived family economic status, the number of friends and sleep patterns ( χ 2=42.69, 29.15, 46.02, 93.99, P <0.05). After adjusting for grade, self perceived family economic status and the number of friends, Logistic regression analysis revealed that mental health problems were positively associated with evening type ( OR =2.84) and negatively associated with morning type ( OR =0.61)( P ＜0.05).@*Conclusion@#Chronotype is associated with mental health problems among middle school students, with a higher risk for evening type and a lower risk for morning type. Mental health of middle school students can be enhanced by changing their chronotype.

Histological study of platelet-rich fibrin combined with MTA for direct pulp capping of rabbit teeth / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To investigate the outcomes of a novel direct pulp capping agent containing platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). @*Methods @# A total of 32 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely, the PRF+MTA group (P+M group), PRF group (P group), MTA group (M group) and blank control group (BC group), with 8 rabbits per group. Dental pulp exposure and direct pulp capping were performed, and complete crown square sealing was performed on 2 mandibular central incisor teeth of each rabbit. Four rabbits from each group were euthanized after each observation period (7 and 28 days). The experimental teeth were subjected to HE staining. Inflammatory cell infiltration, calcified bridge formation and pulp tissue disorganization were observed and graded. @*Results@#Inflammatory cell infiltration: on the 7th day, group P+M and group M were lighter than group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group P+M was lighter than group P and group BC (P<0.05); group P+M and group M did not significantly differ (P>0.05). Calcified bridge formation: on the 7th and 28th days, group P+M was lighter than group P, group M and group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group M was higher than group BC (P<0.05). Under microscope, the calcified bridge contained cellular components and was surrounded by odontoblast-like cells, sharing a structure resembled osteodentin; dentin tubule-like structure could not be observed in calcified bridge, and the calcified bridge resembled certain points of osteodentin. Pulp tissue disorganization: on the 7th day, group P+M and group M were lighter than group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group P+M was lighter than group P and group BC (P<0.05). group P+M and group M did not significantly differ (P>0.05). @*Conclusion @# The combination of PRF and MTA for direct pulp capping provided light inflammatory cell infiltration, stable pulp status and a strong ability of pulp tissue to form calcified bridge, and the calcified bridge resembled certain points of osteodentin.

Cornuside ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by limiting the recruitment of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the spinal cord

We conducted this study to determine whether cornuside could improve the neurological deficit symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats, as well as determine the potential involvement of CD4+ T lymphocytes, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Altogether, 32 Lewis rats were randomly divided into control, EAE, EAE/prednisolone, and EAE/cornuside, wherein their neurological function was assessed every day. CD4+ T lymphocyte recruitment into the spinal cord (SC) was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and TNF-α mRNA expressions in the SC were determined by real-time quantitative PCR, and the VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 proteins were determined by western blotting. Compared to the control group, the EAE group rats with neurological deficits had enhanced CD4+ T lymphocyte infiltration and higher expression levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and TNF-α in the SC. Meanwhile, compared with the EAE group, the EAE/cornuside and EAE/prednisolone groups had lower neurological scores, less CD4+ T lymphocyte infiltrations, and lower expression levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and TNF-α in the SC. Thus, cornuside ameliorated EAE, which could be owed to the inhibition of CD4+ T lymphocyte recruitment and VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and TNF-α expressions in the SC

Root canal treatment of maxillary second molar with three mesial buccal root canals: a case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore the key points of clinical diagnosis and treatment of three mesiobuccal root canals.@*Methods@# In the procedure of endodontic therapy for the upper left second molar with pulpitis, through root canal exploration under a dental microscope and cone beam CT (CBCT)-assisted imaging examination, it was confirmed that the left upper second molar contained 3 roots and 5 root canals, among which the third root canal existed in the mesiobuccal root. Combined with perfect root canal preparation, cleaning, disinfection, filling and minimally invasive inlay repair, the clinical symptoms were eliminated. The patients were followed up and the related literatures were reviewed. @* Results @# One- and two-year follow-ups showed that the tooth had no discomfort and could be used normally. X-ray revealed that the filling was complete, and the periapical tissue was normal. The results of the literature review showed that the incidence of three mesiobuccal root canals in maxillary second molars was 0.11%-4.2%. It is difficult to find additional root canals only by X-ray imaging. Dentists should further determine the number and anatomical shape of root canals by CBCT and operating microscopy. When there are three mesiobuccal root canals in maxillary molars, dentists should avoid overpreparation. Healthy tooth tissue is the key to good prognosis. @* Conclusion@#During root canal therapy, clinicians should consider the anatomical variation of the root canal, should always be alert to the existence of an extra root canal, and should use CBCT, operating microscopy, ultrasound and various auxiliary instruments to locate and treat the variant root canal.

The CEBPE rs2239633 genetic polymorphism on susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an updated meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES@#We performed an updated meta-analysis to clarify the relationship between the CEBPE rs2239633 polymorphism and the childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CALL) susceptibility.@*METHODS@#All the case-control studies were updated on October 5, 2020, through Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) electronic database. The heterogeneity in the study was tested by the Q test and I@*RESULTS@#A total of 20 case-control studies were selected, including 7014 patients and 16,428 controls. There was no association of CEBPE rs2239633 polymorphism with CALL (CC vs CT + TT: OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.94-1.26; CC + CT vs TT: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.94-1.30; C vs T: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.92-1.13). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, there is no significant association of this polymorphism and CALL risks among Asian and Caucasian populations in the three genetic models (CC vs CT + TT, CC + CT vs TT, and C vs T).@*CONCLUSION@#This meta-analysis found no significant association between the CEBPE rs2239633 polymorphism and susceptibility to CALL.

Advance in Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Some Neurological Diseases (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive functional brain imaging technology, which has been used in observing activation of affected brain area and compensation of unaffected side for stroke patients, as well as the assistance of diagnosis for some other neurological diseases.

Evaluation of volume responsiveness by pulse pressure variability and inferior vena cava dispensability index at different tidal volumes by mechanical ventilation

This study investigated the effects of tidal volume (TV) on the diagnostic value of pulse pressure variation (PPV) and the inferior vena cava dispensability index (IVC-DI) for volume responsiveness during mechanical ventilation. In patients undergoing elective surgery with mechanical ventilation, different TVs of 6, 9, and 12 mL/kg were given for two min. The left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral (VTI) was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. The IVC-DI was measured at sub-xyphoid transabdominal long axis. The PPV was measured via the radial artery and served as baseline. Index measurements were repeated after fluid challenge. VTI increased by more than 15% after fluid challenge, which was considered as volume responsive. Seventy-nine patients were enrolled, 38 of whom were considered positive volume responsive. Baseline data between the response group and the non-response group were similar. Receiver operating characteristic curve confirmed PPV accuracy in diagnosing an increase in volume responsiveness with increased TV. When TV was 12 mL/kg, the PPV area under the curve (AUC) was 0.93 and the threshold value was 15.5%. IVC-DI had the highest diagnostic accuracy at a TV of 9 mL/kg and an AUC of 0.79, with a threshold value of 15.3%. When TV increased to 12 mL/kg, the IVC-DI value decreased. When the TV was 9 and 12 mL/kg, PPV showed improved performance in diagnosing volume responsiveness than did IVC-DI. PPV diagnostic accuracy in mechanically ventilated patients was higher than IVC-DI. PPV accuracy in predicting volume responsiveness was increased by increasing TV.

Risk Factors for Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Resection In Patients with Low Hepatitis B Viral Load

ABSTRACT Background. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the effect of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level on prognosis in low viral load (< 2000 lU/mL) patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection. Material and methods. A total of 192 patients with low viral load who had received curative resection of pathologically confirmed HCC were analyzed to determine the factors affecting prognosis. The risk factors for survival, early and late recurrence (2 years as a cut-off) were studied. Results. The median follow-up time was 38.5 months. The overall survival rates at 1-, 3-, and 5-year after curative resection were 94.2%, 64.0%, and 45.2%, respectively. The cumulative recurrence rates at 1-, 3-, and 5-year after curative resection were 22.4%, 46.5%, and 67.0%, respectively. Patients with high serum HBsAg levels (> 250 lU/mL) had significantly lower survival rates than those with low HBsAg levels (HR: 1.517,95% Cl: 1.005-2.292, P = 0.047). Stratified analysis showed that patients with high HBsAg levels had a significantly higher late recurrence incidence than those with low HBsAg levels (HR: 2.155, 95% Cl: 1.094-4.248, P = 0.026), but did not have a significantly higher risk of early recurrence postoperatively (HR: 1.320,95% Cl: 0. 837-2.082, P = 0.233). Multivariate analysis revealed that HBsAg > 250 lU/mL was an independent risk factor associated with late recurrence (HR: 2.109, 95% Cl: 1.068-4.165, P = 0.032). Conclusions. HBsAg > 250 lU/mL at the time of tumor resection was an independent risk factor for late recurrence in low viral load HCC patients.

A study on the growth effects of SD rats by repeated restraint in dermal exposure test / 预防医学

Objective To analysis the effects on the growth of rats by repeated restraint in dermal exposure test. Methods SD rats in the restraint group was bound for 6 hours per day for 91 days according the way by dermal exposure, while SD rats in the control group didn't receive the treatment. Clinical signs, body weight and food consumption changes were observed for 91 days. When the study was terminated, hematology, clinical biochemistry, urinalyses, gross necropsy, and histopathology were carried out. Statistical methods such as the generalized estimating equation were used to compare the differences between two groups. Results The statistical results of generalized estimating equation showed that there was an interaction between the group and test time for male and female rats in body weight changes (P<0.05), and the body weight of male rats in the restraint group was lower than the control group (P<0.05) . Further analysis showed that for male rats there was significant difference between groups since the forth week (P<0.05), and the interaction was found between groups and test time (P<0.05) . For female rats, the interaction was found since the eighth week between the group and test time (P <0.05) .There was no significant differences in other parameters between two groups (P>0.05) . Conclusion Repeated restraint during dermal exposure affected the body weight gain of rats, and the sensitivity of male rats was higher than that of female rats.

The effect of expression level of IL-23R mRNA on Th17/IL-17 immune response in mycobacterium tuberculosis infection / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of interleukin 23 receptor (IL-23R) on T helper cell 17 (Th17) call-mediated immune response in mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection,and to explore the role of IL-23R in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods 21 active lung tuberculosis (ATB) patients were enrolled in Beijing chest hospital from July to October in 2015,21 cases of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and 21 healthy Healthy Donors (HD) were selected from Beijing Changping center for tuberculosis control and prevention from May to July in 2015.The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and cultured.The expression of IL-23R mRNA in PBMCs was detected,IL-23 and IL-17A levels in the supernatant of PBMCs were measured.The expression of IL-23R mRNA in different groups and the effect of IL-23R expression on IL-17A level were analyzed.Results The expression of IL-23R mRNA in ATB group was lower than that in LTBI group (Z =-2.528,P =0.011),and in ATB group was higher than that in HD group (Z =-3.849,P ＜ 0.001).The expression of IL-17A in ATB group was lower than that in LTB group (t =2.238,P =0.031),and ATB group was higher than that in HD group (t =4.733,P ＜ 0.001).There was no significant difference in IL-23 level between the three groups (F =0.432,P =0.651).IL-23R mRNA expression was positively correlated with IL-17A level (rs =0.438,P =0.047).Conclusions The expression level of IL-23R in mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can regulate the immune response mediated by Th17 cells,which may affect the susceptibility and infection outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis.

GADD45αin genotoxicity test:molecular principles and research progress / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

As a member of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene family,GADD45αparticipats in the regulation of cell cycle,cell senescence,cell survival and apoptosis. GADD45αplays a critical role in the responses to cell injury induced by a variety of factors including cell stress and genotoxic chemicals. Different transcription factors and proteins are involved in transcriptional regulation of GADD45αgene. GADD45αprotein has been implicated in the regulation of genomic stability related cellular responses through interaction with other proteins. Genotoxicity test systems based on the char?acteristics of GADD45α in regulation of cell function,can be applied to the detection of potentially genotoxic compounds,which provides new ideas and methods about genotoxicity assessment. The molecular mechanism and research progress of GADD45α in genotoxicity test are summarized in this article.

Mechanism of apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells induced by polysaccharides extracts from Hedyotic diffusa / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of polysaccharides extracts from polysaccharides extracts from Hedyotic diffusa (PEHD) on Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC)cell line CNE2 cells in vitro.@*METHOD@#CNE2 cells treated with various concentrations of PEHD were detected by MTT assay at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The apoptotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein were examined by Western blotting method.@*RESULT@#The growth of CNE2 cells were suppressed after treatment with PEHD (P < 0.05), MTT assay showed that the highest cell inhibition rate reached to 76.5%, the inhibition in the doses from 2 to 6 mg/ml showed dose-and-time-dependent. The percent of apoptosis in 4 and 6 mg/ml PEHD treatment groups for 48 h were 31.32%, 46.28%, respectively, and significantly higher than that in control groups, 4.86% (P < 0.01). After the cells being treated with PEHD for 48 h, the expression of Bax and caspase-3 protein increased, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased gradually.@*CONCLUSION@#PEHD could inhibited the growth of CNE2 cells and was dose-and-time-dependent, the mechanism may involve induction of cell apoptosis, which was associated with the activation of Bax and caspase-3 protein and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression.

A study on the genotoxicity of sapindus saponin / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate acute toxicity and genotoxicity of sapindus saponin and to provide toxicological basis for sapindus saponin ’s daily applications. Methods Acute oral toxicity test,mammalian erythocyte micronucleus test, bacterial reverse mutation test and in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test were used to investigate the effect of the sapindus saponin on gene mutation and chromosome aberration in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Results The acute toxicity test showed that the LD50 of sapindus saponin was 4640 mg/kg for both male and female mice. Toxic symptoms were observed including salivation,mucus and other toxic manifestations. There was no significant difference between the each dose group and the negative control group in the results of mammalian erythocyte micronucleus test( P>0. 05). The results of bacterial reverse mutation test were also negative. In each dose group and strain with or without S9,the number of revertant colonies did not exceed 2 times than that of spontaneous revertant colonies( negative control). No dose-response relationship was observed. The vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test showed that the IC50 of sapindus saponin on CHL was 75 μg/ml,and the differences between each dose group and the negative control group were not statistically significant( P >0. 05 ). However,the positive control group differed from the negative control group in all tests( P <0. 01). Conclusion Under this experimental condition,sapindus saponin has no genotoxicity.

Chronic hepatitis virus infection in patients with multiple myeloma: clinical characteristics and outcomes

OBJECTIVES: Cytotoxic agents and steroids are used to treat lymphoid malignancies, but these compounds may exacerbate chronic viral hepatitis. For patients with multiple myeloma, the impact of preexisting hepatitis virus infection is unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics and outcomes of myeloma patients with chronic hepatitis virus infection. METHODS: From 2003 to 2008, 155 myeloma patients were examined to determine their chronic hepatitis virus infection statuses using serologic tests for the hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV). Clinical parameters and outcome variables were retrieved via a medical chart review. RESULTS: The estimated prevalences of chronic HBV and HCV infections were 11.0 percent (n = 17) and 9.0 percent (n = 14), respectively. The characteristics of patients who were hepatitis virus carriers and those who were not were similar. However, carrier patients had a higher prevalence of conventional cytogenetic abnormalities (64.3 percent vs. 25.0 percent). The cumulative incidences of grade 3-4 elevation of the level of alanine transaminase, 30.0 percent vs. 12.0 percent, and hyperbilirubinemia, 20.0 percent vs. 1.6 percent, were higher in carriers as well. In a Kaplan-Meier analysis, carrier patients had worse overall survival (median: 16.0 vs. 42.4 months). The prognostic value of carrier status was not statistically significant in the multivariate analysis, but an age of more than 65 years old, the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities, a beta-2-microglobulin level of more than 3.5 mg/L, and a serum creatinine level of more than 2 mg/ dL were independent factors associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: Myeloma patients with chronic hepatitis virus infections might be a distinct subgroup, and close monitoring of hepatic adverse events should be mandatory.

The porcine alpha1, 3 galactosyltransferase gene siRNA targeted heterozygous hepatocyte negative express GT / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study whether the porcine alpha1, 3 galactosyltransferase gene siRNA targeted heterozygous hepatocyte negatively expresses GT mRNA and resists to the cytotoxicity of nature antibody in human serum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The porcine alpha1, 3 galactosyltransferase gene siRNA targeted vector (pPNTloxPGTsiRNA) were construct with pPNTloxPGT and pMXSV/U6 vector. Positive-negative selection was used to produce a heterozygous pPNTloxPGTsiRNA knockout (+/-) clone. The GT mRNA expressions were detected with northern blot. Complement-mediated NAb cytotoxicity after incubation of hepatocytes with NAbs and complement was determined using 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium(MTS, tetrazolium salt) colorimetric assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pPNTloxPGTsiRNA targeted porcine hepatocyte (+/-) negative express GT mRNA. Only 14% to 18% cytotoxicity can be detected at the highest serum concentration. The pPNTloxPGT targeted porcine hepatocyte (+/-) express GT mRNA just as the wild type porcine cells and the cytotoxicity are 77% to 83%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The porcine a1, 3 galactosyltransferase gene siRNA targeted heterozygous hepatocyte (+/-) negative express GT and resisted to nature antibody in human serum.</p>