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Objective@#To understand the situation of mosquito larva breeding and adult mosquito density among schools in Yangpu District, Shanghai Municipality before the start of the fall semester, so as to provide insights into mosquito prevention and control in schools.@*Methods@#A stratified sampling method was used to select four schools each from universities, primary and secondary schools, and preschool institutions as survey sites. A survey of mosquito larva breeding sites and adult mosquito density was carried out in August each year from 2021 to 2023. The mosquito larva breeding sites in small and large water bodies were investigated by visual inspection and spoon trapping methods, and adult mosquito density was investigated by human-induced stinging method. The positive rate of mosquito larva breeding sites and adult mosquito landing index were analyzed.@*Results@#Totally 1 253 mosquito larva breeding sites were investigated from 2021 to 2023, and the positive rate was 4.07% (51 positive sites). The positive rates of mosquito larva breeding sites in universities, primary and secondary schools and preschool institutions were 2.36%, 4.05% and 8.30%, respectively. The top three positive breeding sites in small water bodies were tyres (6.67%), small stagnant water in green belts (6.04%) and unused containers (5.92%), and Aedes albopictus was the dominant species (97.21%). The top three positive breeding sites in large water bodies were rainwater wells (3.90%), landscape water bodies (3.45%) and sewage wells (3.23%), and Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus each accounted for 50.00%. A total of 200 adult mosquitoes were captured from 2021 to 2023, with Aedes albopictus being dominant (93.00%). The total landing index decreased and then rebounded slightly from 2021 to 2023, with the highest seen in 2021 as 1.78 mosquitoes/0.5 hours per person. The highest mean adult mosquito landing index was 1.17 mosquitoes/0.5 hours per person in preschool institutions.@*Conclusions@#The positive rates of mosquito larva breeding sites and landing index of adult mosquitoes among schools in Yangpu District before the start of the fall semester from 2021 to 2023 were higher than the relevant provisions of the Shanghai municipal local standards. Aedes albopictus was the dominant species. Mosquito surveillance in schools should be carried out on a regular basis and hygiene management should be strengthened.
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@#Abstract: Objective To explore the dynamic characteristics of stigmatization in HIV/AIDS patients and provide scientific evidence for psychological care. Methods HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment in Nanning Fourth People's Hospital were randomly selected for baseline and 1 year follow-up questionnaire survey including internalized HIV stigma, anticipated HIV stigma, exposure to HIV stigma. The differences between the two groups at different time points were dynamically compared to analyze the changing characteristics of stigma in HIV/AIDS patients. Results After one year of ART treatment, among the eight items of internalizing stigma, five items including the proportion of feeling ashamed of being infected with HIV/AIDS, feeling unclean because of being infected with HIV/AIDS, feeling inferior to others because of having HIV/AIDS, feeling guilty because of having HIV/AIDS, and having a poorer self-perception due to how others view HIV/AIDS decreased significantly from 34.0% to 43.5% at the baseline to 19.5% to 29.5%, showing significant improvement with statistical significance (χ2=18.586, 14.277, 10.473, 12.219, 9.934, P<0.05); among the nine items of anticipated stigma, four items including the proportion of community/community workers not taking my needs seriously, discriminating against me, refusing to provide services for me, and healthcare workers avoiding contact with me decreased significantly from 16.0% to 27.5% at the baseline to 7.0% to 15.5%, respectively, showing significant improvement with statistical significance (χ2=13.690, 15.787, 12.034, 12.593, P<0.05); among the 16 items of exposure to HIV stigma, six items including the proportion of experiencing physical attacks, psychological pressure from spouses/partners, being refused sexual relationships, losing jobs or other economic sources, being rejected or losing a job opportunity due to HIV/AIDS, changing job nature due to HIV/AIDS, or being refused medical services decreased significantly from 2.5% to 15.0% at the baseline to 1.0% to 8.0%, respectively, showing significant improvement with statistical significance (χ2=8.619, 15.558, 6.061, 9.049, 5.432, 8.156, P<0.05). Physical assaults on people with HIV/AIDS increased by 5.5 percent(χ2=5.368, P<0.05). Conclusions Through 1-year dynamic monitoring, 48.48% of the three dimensions of stigma of HIV/AIDS patients were alleviated. Treatment intervention, self-acceptance and the creation of a good non-discriminatory social environment have an important impact on the stigma of HIV/AIDS patients and deserve the attention of society as a whole.
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Objective@#To compare the reliability of Internet Addiction Impairment Index (IAII), Revised Chen Internet Addiction Scale(CIAS-R)-Taiwan Revision, CIAS-R-Mainland Revision, Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) and the consistency of Internet addiction using the four scales in college students.@*Methods@#A total of 1 004 undergraduates from 3 universities in Hefei were selected to measure the tendency of internet addiction simultaneously using the four scales, and 122 students were re tested two weeks after the initial assessment. Correlation coefficient, coincidence rate and Kappa value were used to analyze the consistency of the four scales. Analysis of variance, t test and Logistic regression were used to determine the consistency of the factors related to internet addiction scale.@*Results@#The reliability of the four Internet addiction scales were greater than 0.7( P <0.01). The correlation coefficient among all scales was greater than 0.5( P <0.01). The agreement between YDQ and CIAS-R-Mainland Revision was 0.87. The Kappa value of YDQ and CIAS-R-Taiwan Revision in the consistency analysis was 0.51( P <0.01), the Kappa value between the other scales was less than 0.5. Results showed that the four scales were consistent in Internet addiction prevalence by gender, grade and major, while CIAS-R-Taiwan Revision and YDQ were not consistent with the other two scales in sleep disorder.@*Conclusion@#The four Internet addiction scales all have good reliability, while low agreement in Internet addiction assessment, suggesting further improvement and revision in Internet addiction scales.
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Objective@#To explore the mediating role played by college students social anxiety and social support in the relationship between internet addiction and depression.@*Methods@#A cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 3 536 college students in three higher vocational colleges in Anhui Province. The content included general demographic characteristics, depression, Internet addiction, social support, and social anxiety. The Process program was used to mediate and analysis of regulation.@*Results@#Among the survey subjects, 1 552(43.90%) had depressive symptoms, including 561(45.65%) boys and 991(42.96%) girls.The total score of Internet addiction was significantly positively correlated with depression score(r=0.30, P<0.01); social anxiety(social fear, social avoidance) was positively correlated with depression(r=0.24, 0.27, P<0.01); social support(subjective support, objective support, support utilization) was significantly negatively correlated with depression(r=0.25, -0.23, -0.17, P<0.01). Conditional process analysis shows that social anxiety had a mediating role between internet addiction and depression(c'=0.06, P<0.01), and that Internet addiction and social anxiety were regulated by social support(β=-0.00，P=0.02).@*Conclusion@#By increasing the social support of college students to improve social anxiety, it might help to reduce the depression of college students caused by Internet addiction.