Change in normal morphology of placenta and its possible effects on fetal outcome in diabetic mothers as compared to non-diabetic mothers

OBJECTIVES: To observe and compare gross and histological changes of the placenta of nondiabetic and diabetic mothers. And observe possible changes in the fetal weight of diabetic and non diabetic mothers

STUDY DESIGN: Case control study

PLACE AND DURATION: This study was conducted from June 2009 to July 2010 at the department of Anatomy of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. The placentae were collected from department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Liaquat University Hospital

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty freshly delivered placentae were collected forty placentae from diabetic's mothers and forty placentae from parturient belonged to uncomplicated pregnancy [control group]. Ages of all parturient were between 17 to 32 years. Fetal outcome and data was recorded. Placentae were measured on a weighing machine graduated in grams and diameter was measured with the help of a measuring tape in centimeters. Approximately five mm piece of from diabetic placenta was taken and processed for histological examination. Fetal weight was also recorded

RESULTS: Morphological examination of placentae showed larger, heavier and more cotyledenous placentae group as compared to controls. Similarly microscopic examination revealed dilated blood vessels, necrotic and degenerative foci in placentae of diabetics as compared to controls

CONCLUSION: Diabetes Mellitus produces profound gross as well as histological changes in placentae which might result in large for date babies because of fetal compromises. A good glycemic control might be a better option for reducing diabetes induced abnormalities

Excessive placental calcification observed in PIH patients and its relation to fetal outcome

Objective: to see the morphological changes in excessive placental calcification in pregnancy induced hypertension [PIH] and its relation with fetal outcome

Study design: prospective comparative study

Place and duration: this study was conducted from June 2008 to July 2009 at the department of Anatomy of Liquate University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro and placentae were collected from department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Liquate University Hospital

Material and methods: eighty freshly delivered placentae were collected from labor room and gynecology operation theatre of Liquate University Hospital. Forty placentae from parturient that had pregnancy induced hypertension [PIH] and forty placentae from parturient belonged to uncomplicated pregnancy [control group]. Ages of all parturient were between 17 to 32 years. Fetal outcome and data was recorded. Placentae were measured on a weighing machine graduated in grams and diameter was measured with the help of a measuring tape in centimeters. Approximately five mm piece of placenta was taken and processed for histological examination

Results: the weight of placenta in control group ranges from 450 to 650 gm with a mean weight of 526.25+/-8.414 gm having diameter from 19 to 24 cm with a mean of 21.225+/-0.2148cm. In PIH group weight of placenta ranges from 200 to 550gm with a mean weight of 432.25 +/- 11.889gm with diameter ranges from 10 to 16cms with a mean14.208 +/- 0.1914cm. The difference in weight and diameter of placenta in PIH was found statistically significant when compared with weight and diameter of normal placentae. The birth weight of new born babies in control group was 1.8 kg to 3.6 kg with mean of 2.790+/- 0.0689kg. In PIH group the fetal weight was 1.4 kg to 3.0 kg with mean weight of 2.195 +/-0.0703kg

Conclusion: fetal outcome in terms of birth weight of newborn to mother having PIH and calcification of placentae [grossly and microscopically] was poor as compared to control group