RESUMO
ObjectiveTo explore the underlying mechanism of bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma （AR） in improving gastrointestinal function by comparing the effects of raw AR and bran-fried AR on the small intestine tissue structure and transport-related protein carriers in rats with spleen deficiency syndrome. MethodSeventy male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， high- and low-dose raw AR groups （10， 2.5 g·kg-1）， high- and low-dose bran-fried AR groups （10， 2.5 g·kg-1）， and a compound glutamine group （9 mg·kg-1）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， the other six groups were subjected to the spleen deficiency model induced by the method of bitter and cold breaking stagnated Qi and abnormal hunger and fullness for 21 days. After modeling， each treatment group was given medication orally according to the corresponding doses every day for a total of 14 days， and the normal group and the model group were given an equal volume of normal saline orally. During the treatment period， the general survival status， macroscopic syndrome score， daily increase in body weight and food intake， and rectal temperature of the spleen deficiency rats were evaluated， and after the treatment， the rats were sacrificed. The pathological changes in the small intestine tissues of each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The content of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the content of serum D-xylose， lactate， and amylase was detected by colorimetry. The levels of free fatty acid receptor 3 （FFA3） and peptide transporter 1 （PepT1） in small intestinal tissues were detected by the Bradford method， and the protein expression of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 （SGLT1） and glucose transporter 1 （GLUT1） in small intestinal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of glucose transporter 2 （GLUT2）， sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 （NHE3）， and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 （5-HT4R）. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited symptoms of spleen deficiency， such as sluggishness， squint， reduced food intake， and lethargy at the end of modelling， damaged basic structure of the small intestinal mucosal epithelium and lamina propria， increased serum lactate and 5-HT content， and decreased serum amylase and D-xylose （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， all treatment groups showed varying degrees of improvement， with the small intestinal microstructure repaired to different degrees. The daily weight gain， anal temperature， and macroscopic syndrome score of spleen deficiency improved to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The serum lactate and 5-HT content decreased to varying degrees， while the serum amylase and D-xylose content increased to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The PepT1 content in the small intestinal tissues increased， while the FFA3 content decreased to varying degrees. The protein expression of SGLT1 and GLUT1 increased， while the mRNA expression of GLUT2 and NHE3 increased to varying degrees. The mRNA expression of 5-HT4R decreased to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the high- and low-dose raw AR groups， the high- and low-dose bran-fried AR groups showed significant improvement in general conditions and histopathological improvement of the small intestinal tissues. The daily weight gain， anal temperature， and macroscopic syndrome score of spleen deficiency also improved （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The serum lactate and 5-HT content decreased， while the serum amylase and D-xylose content increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The PepT1 content in the small intestinal tissues increased， while the FFA3 content decreased. The protein expression of SGLT1 and GLUT1 increased， while the mRNA expression of GLUT2 and NHE3 increased. The mRNA expression of 5-HT4R decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBran-fried AR can improve the spleen deficiency-related symptoms and histopathology of the small intestinal tissues in spleen deficiency model rats. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of various transport-related protein carriers and the secretion of various digestive enzymes after stir-frying of AR， thus restoring the absorption and transport function of the small intestine.
RESUMO
Objective@#To observe the dynamic impacts of shock waves on the severity of lung injury in rats with different injury distances.@*Methods@#Simulate open-field shock waves; detect the biomechanical effects of explosion sources at distances of 40, 44, and 48 cm from rats; and examine the changes in the gross anatomy of the lungs, lung wet/dry weight ratio, hemoglobin concentration, blood gas analysis, and pathology.@*Results@#Biomechanical parameters such as the overpressure peak and impulse were gradually attenuated with an increase in the injury distance. The lung tissue hemorrhage, edema, oxygenation index, and pathology changed more significantly for the 40 cm group than for the 44 and 48 cm groups. The overpressure peak and impulse were significantly higher for the 40 cm group than for the 44 and 48 cm groups ( < 0.05 or < 0.01). The animal mortality was significantly higher for the 40 cm group than for the other two groups (41.2% . 17.8% and 10.0%, < 0.05). The healing time of injured lung tissues for the 40 cm group was longer than those for the 44 and 48 cm groups.@*Conclusions@#The effects of simulated open-field shock waves on the severity of lung injuries in rats were correlated with the injury distances, the peak overpressure, and the overpressure impulse.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Traumatismos por Explosões , Patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Explosões , Lesão Pulmonar , Patologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Objective To investigate the expression profiles of microRNA in early esophageal squamous cancer and normal esophageal tissues and verify the significantly different expression miRNAs , further to study the effects on proliferation of EC109. Methods The microarray assay was performed to analyze miRNA expression profiles in three pairs of early esophageal squamous cancer and the corresponding normal esophageal tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used in another 38 pairs samples to further verify the differentially expressed miRNAs . Three verified miRNAs ( miR-29a, miR-221 and miR-222) mimics were transfected into EC109 respectively and CCK8 method was used to study the effect of cell proliferation in each miRNA. Results Microarray technique selected 53 miRNAs that differentially expressed in early esophageal squamous cancer and normal esophageal tissues , 32 miRNAs were up-regulated and 21 miRNAs were down-regulated. qRT-PCR verified that miR-29a was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05) and miR-221, miR-222 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in early esophageal squamous cancer tissue. Over-expression of miR-29a could significantly inhibit the proliferation of EC109 (P < 0.05) whereas over-expression of miR-221 or miR-222 could both significantly promote the proliferation of EC109 (P < 0.05). Conclusion There was significant difference of miRNAs expression between early esophageal squamous cancer and normal esophageal tissues, and the differentially expressed miRNAs could be used as new biomarkers for early diagnosis of esophageal squamous cancer.
RESUMO
Considering the great progress in the field of molecular genetics research on schizophrenia, this review is aimed at discussing advances in genes of schizophrenia and their pathophysiological implications for the disorder.