Estudo comparativo entre dois programas de computador (Dolphin Imaging® e Nemotec®) e método manual para análises cefalométricas de pacientes com deformidade dentofacial Padrão II / Comparative study of two computer software programs (Dolphin Imaging® and Nemotec®) and a manual method of cephalometric analysis for patients with dentofacial deformity Class II

Este estudo analisou traçados digitais obtidos por dois programas de computador (Dolphin Imaging® e Nemotec®) em comparação aos obtidos pelo método manual nas análises cefalométricas SNA, SNB, Co-A, Co-Gn, altura facial anterior, A-Nperp, Pg-Nperp e plano mandibular. 30 pacientes leucodermas, portadores de retrognatismo mandibular, foram avaliados e submetidos à cirurgia ortognática para correção da deformidade por meio da osteotomia sagital do ramo mandibular. Os traçados cefalométricos foram realizados em telerradiografias laterais obtidas uma semana antes da cirurgia. O método Manual e o Nemotec® apresentaram excelente confiabilidade em todas as medidas. Por outro lado, o método Dolphin Imaging® apontou baixa confiabilidade nas medidas altura facial anterior, Co-A e Co-Gn. Nas medidas A-Nperp, Pg-Nperp, Plano md, SNA e SNB, não houve diferença entre três métodos estudados. Na medida altura facial anterior, houve diferença entre os métodos Dolphin Imaging® e Nemotec®, mas não foram observadas diferenças em relação ao método manual. Nas medidas Co-A e Co-Gn, foi observado que o método Dolphin Imaging® apresentou média significativamente inferior aos demais métodos estudados. No método manual, somente as medidas Co-Gn, Pg-Nperp e SNB confirmaram o diagnóstico de retrognatismo mandibular, tendo o programa Nemotec® apresentado resultados melhores que o programa Dolphin Imaging®... (AU)

This study analyzed digital tracings obtained by two different computer software programs (Dolphin Imaging® and Nemotec®) and compare them to the manual method using cephalometric measurements SNA, SNB, Co-A, Co-Gn, anterior facial height, A-Nperp, Pg-Nperp and mandibular plane. Thirty Caucasian patients exhibiting mandibular retrognathia were analyzed and were submitted to orthognathic surgery to correct the deformity by bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. The cephalometric tracings were performed with lateral radiographs that were obtained a week prior to the surgery. The manual method and the Nemotec® software exhibited an excellent reliability in all measurements. However, the Dolphin Imaging® method exhibited low reliability in the anterior facial height, Co-A and Co-Gn measurements. For the measurements of A-Nperp, Pg-Nperp, Mandibular plan, SNA and SNB, there were no significant differences between the three methods studied. For the anterior facial height measurement, a statistically significant difference was found between the Dolphin Imaging® and Nemotec® methods, although not in relation to the manual method. For the Co-A and Co-Gn measurements, the Dolphin Imaging® method exhibited a significantly lower mean than the other methods studied. In manual method, only the Co-Gn, Pg-Nperp and SNB measurements confirmed the diagnosis of mandibular retrognathia and Nemotec® software provided better results than Dolphin Imaging®... (AU)

Influence of degree of edentulism in mandible fractures / Influência do grau de edentulismo em fraturas mandíbulas

Objective ­ To characterize epidemiologically the aspects of incidence, treatment and complications of mandibular fractures in dentate, partially dentate and edentulous patients. Methods ­ Data were collected from medical records of patients seen by the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Piracicaba School of Dentistry/UNICAMP, from January 1999 to October 2009. Results ­ Were selected 738 adult patients, grouped into three age groups (18 to 30 years, 31-64 years and over 64 years), whose degree of edentulism was informed, being 330 dentition (45%), 367 partially serrated (50%) and 41 edentulous (5%). The ratio between male and female was 4:1, mean age of 31 years, with higher incidence in caucasians, and 81% were economically active. The most common causes were traffic accidents (54%), followed by assault (20%), falls (15%), sports accidents (4%) and work (4%). Condylar fractures accounted for 29% of all fractures, followed by fractures of the body (25%), symphysis (24%) and angle (19%). The only significant difference between the sites of fracture was found in the edentulous, which presented a low incidence of angle fractures. Conclusions ­ It was observed that this population, homogeneous as to the cultural and socio-environmental factors, the dentate, partially dentate and edentulous behaved similarly as to the mandibular fractures resulting from trauma energies of similar intensities.

Objetivo ­ Caracterizar epidemiologicamente os aspectos de incidência, tratamento e complicações de fraturas mandibulares em pacientes dentados, parcialmente dentados e edêntulos. Métodos ­ Os dados foram coletados de prontuários de pacientes atendidos pelo departamento de Cirurgia Oral e Maxilofacial, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba/UNICAMP, de janeiro de 1999 a outubro de 2009. Resultados ­ Foram selecionados 738 pacientes adultos, agrupados em três faixas etárias (18 a 30 anos, 31-64 anos e mais de 64 anos), cujo grau de edentulismo foi informado, sendo 330 dentições (45%), 367 parcialmente serrilhadas (50%) e 41 edêntulas (5%). A proporção entre homens e mulheres foi de 4:1, idade média de 31 anos, com maior incidência em caucasianos e 81% economicamente ativas. As causas mais comuns foram os acidentes de trânsito (54%), seguidos pelo assalto (20%), quedas (15%), acidentes esportivos (4%) e trabalho (4%). As fraturas condilares representaram 29% de todas as fraturas, seguidas de fraturas do corpo (25%), sínfise (24%) e ângulo (19%). A única diferença significativa entre os locais de fratura foi encontrada no edêntulo, que apresentou baixa incidência de fraturas angulares. Conclusões ­ Observou-se que esta população, homogênea quanto aos fatores culturais e socioambientais, dentada, parcialmente dentada e edêntula, comporta-se de forma semelhante às fraturas mandibulares resultantes de energias de trauma de intensidades semelhantes.

Hipertrofia unilateral do músculo master: relato de caso / Unilateral Masseter Muscle Hypertrophy: Case Repor

A hipertrofia do músculo masseter é um crescimento excessivo uni ou bilateral do músculo, de etiopatogenia ainda não definida que, na maioria das vezes, gera um desconforto estético e em alguns casos, funcional. Os indivíduos afetados frequentemente exibem um aumento em volume ósseo em região de ramo e ângulo mandibular e o tratamento pode ser através de métodos cirúrgicos ou não cirúrgicos. A abordagem cirúrgica envolve intervenções que são realizadas, apenas, na musculatura comprometida, na estrutura óssea do ângulo mandibular ou ambos. O presente artigo descreve um caso de hipertrofia unilateral do músculo masseter, onde optou-se pela intervenção cirúrgica intraoral com ressecção de fibras musculares e osteotomia do ângulo mandibular. Após um período de dois meses de acompanhamento, observa-se que a modalidade cirúrgica para tratamento de hipertrofia do masseter está bem indicada pois proporciona ótimo resultado estético... (AU)

Masseter muscle hypertrophy is a unilateral or bilateral enlargement of the masseter muscle, of undefined etiology, which in most cases generates an aesthetic discomfort, and in some cases a functional one as well. The affected individuals often exhibit an increase in bone mass in the region of the branch and mandibular angle, and the treatment can use surgical or nonsurgical methods. The surgical approach involves intervetions performed in either the compromised muscle or the mandibular angle bone structure, or in both. This article describes a case of unilateral masseter muscle hypertrophy, where the surgical resection of the muscle fibers in an intraoral approach and a osteotomy with a reciprocating saw were performed in the mandibular angle region. After a two-month follow-up, it was observed that the surgical approach for the treatment of masseter hypertrophy is well advised, since the aesthetic results are excellent, with similarity to the contralateral side of mandibular angle... (AU)

Biomechanical analysis on diferente fixation techniques for treatment of mandibular body fractures

Aim: To biomechanically analyze two fixation techniques in polyurethane hemi-mandibular bodyfractures, using a universal testing machine. Methods: The study employed 10 polyurethanehemi-mandible replicas, which simulated simple fractures of the mandibular body, divided into twogroups: one group comprised 5 hemi-mandibles with two 2.0 mm system plates in the tension andcompression zones, while the other group contained 5 hemi-mandibles with an Erich bar and a2.0 mm system plate in the tension and neutral zones, respectively. Data were analyzed statisticallyby the Student’s t-test (α=0.05) Results: The test results indicated that the fixation using 2.0 mmsystem plates offered significantly more resistance to the loads and presented significantly largerdisplacement compared to the fixation using just one 2.0 mm system plate and the Erich bar.Conclusions: It may be concluded that the use of two plates in the 2.0 mm system had greatermechanical strength than a single 2.0 mm plate combined with an Erich bar. Clinically, it is knownthat both techniques can provide good results, but patients receiving the combination of Erich barand one plate are required to be more cooperative during the postoperative period, especiallywith respect to the prescribed diet in order to avoid failures in this system.

Evaluation of the use of biomodels in sequelae of maxillofacial trauma / Evaluación de la utilización de biomodelo de secuelas de traumatismo maxilofacial

The use of rapid prototyping technology in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery has been increasing in the last decade, allowing the management of biomodels from medical image processing as computed tomography in order to obtain a three dimensional model with the same geometric characteristics as the virtual one. The aim of this study is to present the use of biomodels for treatment of maxillofacial trauma sequelae with evaluation of clinical records in a period that varies from January 2000 to December 2010. For diagnosis and surgical planning of maxillofacial sequelae in this period, some 15 prototypes were used, allowing us to determine the treatment planning with more accuracy and to save operating room time.

El uso de tecnología de prototipado rápido en Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial se ha incrementado en la última década, lo que permite la gestión de los biomodelos de procesamiento de imágenes médicas, como tomografía computarizada para obtener un modelo tridimensional con las mismas características geométricas del virtual. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar el uso de biomodelos para el tratamiento de las secuelas de un traumatismo maxilofacial con la evaluación de las historias clínicas en un período que varía entre enero de 2000 a diciembre de 2010. Para el diagnóstico y la planificación de la cirugía maxilofacial de las secuelas en este período, 15 prototipos fueron utilizados, lo que permite determinar la planificación del tratamiento con más precisión y para ahorrar tiempo de quirófano.