The mechanism research of Xiaoyan Lidan formula for the intervention of chronic intrahepatic cholestasis based on metabolomics combined with molecular docking analysis / 药学学报

In this study, the mechanism of Xiaoyan Lidan formula (XYLDF) against 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-collidine (DDC)-induced chronic intrahepatic cholestasis (CIHC) in mice was investigated based on metabolomics, molecular docking and pharmacological methods. In the pharmacodynamics study, a dosage of 5 g·kg-1 (clinical equivalent) XYLDF was administered in DDC-induced mice, then the effect of XYLDF against CIHC was evaluated by measuring the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) as well as total bilirubin (TBIL) in serum and observing liver histopathological changes. All experiments were approved by the Ethical Committee Experimental Animal Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (ZYD-2021-001). The serum metabolites of mice in each group were detected and identified based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, and the relevant biological pathways and molecular key targets were further enriched. Molecular docking technology was used to further evaluate the binding activity of the main active ingredients of XYLDF with potential targets. Subsequently, the in vitro experiment was conducted for the validation of the vital target. The results showed that compared with the model group, XYLDF significantly decreased the levels of ALT, AST, AKP and TBIL in the serum of CIHC mice, as well as alleviated inflammatory infiltration and hepatocyte necrosis in liver tissue. According to the metabonomic study, a total of 35 differential metabolites was identified as biomarkers associated with cholestasis, 12 of which were significantly recovered by XYLDF treatment. These biomarkers were involved in the pathways of primary bile acid biosynthesis and linoleic metabolism, which are closely related to the mechanism of XYLDF against CIHC. Protein-protein interaction network indicated that cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) are significant potential targets with good binding properties with six major active ingredients of XYLDF. Furthermore, it was found that 4-methoxy-5-hydroxycanthin-6-one, dehydroandrographolide and isodocarpin, three of the main active components in XYLDF, markedly induced the expression of CYP3A4 mRNA in vitro. This study revealed that XYLDF mainly mediates the biosynthesis of bile acids in CIHC mice to improve liver tissue lesions and bile efflux disorders, among which, CYP3A4 is the key target in the protection of XYLDF against CIHC. This research provides a reference for further elucidation of the pharmacological mechanism of XYLDF.

Determination of 10 mycotoxins in Hippophae Fructus medicinal and edible products by ultra-performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry / 中国中药杂志

An analytical method for 10 mycotoxins in Hippophae Fructus medicinal and edible products was established in this study, and the contamination of their mycotoxins was analyzed. First of all, the mixed reference solution of ten mycotoxins such as aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, and dexoynivalenol was selected as the control, and the Hippophae Fructus medicinal and edible products were prepared. Secondly, based on the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) technology, 10 mycotoxins in Hippophae Fructus medicinal and edible products were quantitatively investigated and their content was determined. Finally, the contamination of mycotoxins was analyzed and evaluated. The optimal analysis conditions were determined, and the methodological inspection results showed that the 10 mycotoxins established a good linear relationship(r>0.99). The method had good repeatability, test sample specificity, stability, and instrument precision. The average recovery rates of 10 mycotoxins in Hippophae Fructus medicinal products, edible solids, and edible liquids were 90.31%-109.4%, 87.86%-107.8%, and 85.61%-109.1%, respectively. Relative standard deviation(RSD) values were 0.22%-10%, 0.75%-13%, and 0.84%-8.5%, repsectively. Based on UPLC-MS/MS technology, the simultaneous determination method for the limits of 10 mycotoxins established in this study has fast detection speed, less matrix interference, high sensitivity, and accurate results, which is suitable for the limit examination of 10 mycoto-xins in Hippophae Fructus medicinal and edible products.

Analysis of risk factors for patients with metastatic prostate cancer to progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) patients who underwent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).Methods:One hunred mPCa patients underwent ADT were followed up from January 2014 to December 2020 in the Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical University. Retrospective analyze the patient′s Gleason score, initial PSA value, minimum prostate specific antigen (nPSA) and time when PSA drops to the lowest point (TTN), and record the state of lymph node metastasis and bone metastasis. Single factor Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to explore the related risk factors affecting the progress of CRPC.Results:A total of 82 cases (82%) of ADT patients progressed to CRPC. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that Gleason score, PSA initial value, lowest nPSA and time to TTN, lymph node metastasis and bone metastasis are risk factors for CRPC ( P<0.01 or<0.05); Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Gleason score, initial PSA value, nPSA and TTN are independent risk factors for PCa patients to progress to CRPC ( P<0.01 or<0.05). Conclusions:This study demonstrated that Gleason score, lymph node metastasis, bone metastasis, initial PSA value, nPSA and TTN are risk factors for the progression of CRPC. Patients with higher Gleason grade, higher nPSA, shorter TTN, lymph node and bone metastasis have shorter PFS and higher risk of progression to CRPC.

" Multi-hits" based SD rat models of cognitive dysfunction and research on related mechanisms / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To establish Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat models of cognitive impairment through repeated stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the early brain development, and to inquire into the effect of " multi-hits" mediated by inflammatory response on the histology and behavior of SD rat models and related molecular mechanisms.Methods:This study adopted a group design for experiments.The " multi-hits" SD rat models were established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS.According to the random number table method, 24 pregnant rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, LPS1 group, LPS2 group and LPS3 group, 6 rats in each group.In the control group, saline was intraperitoneally injected into rats with gestational age of 18 days and 20-day-old neonatal rats.Rats with gestational age of 18 days were intraperitoneally injected with saline in the LPS1 group, 0.05 mg/kg LPS in the LPS2 group, and 0.1 mg/kg LPS in the LPS3 group.The pups in LPS1-3 groups were all injected intraperitoneally with 1 mg/kg LPS at the postnatal age of 20 days.The motor and cognitive function of the pups were evaluated overall by behavioral experiments such as forelimb suspension tests, grid tests and water maze tests.The relative expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Notch1 and Jagged1 in brain tissue of pups was mainly detected by Western blot (WB) and histological experiments.One-way ANOVA analysis of variance and independent samples t- test were used to compare data among groups and between groups, respectively. Results:(1) Behavioral experiments: compared with the control group, LPS1-3 groups showed progressive decrease in forelimb suspension time [(34.81±5.66) s, (22.47±4.35) s, and (13.20±4.25) s vs.(43.88 ± 4.85) s], and the number of missteps in the grid experiment increased progressively (16.13±2.90, 20.75±3.10, 25.13±4.45 vs.9.00±2.72). The differences were statistically significant ( F=69.77, 35.59, all P<0.001). Both the escape latency and total distance in Morri′s water maze test increased progressively ( P<0.05). (2) WB experiment: the relative expression levels of GFAP, Notch1 and Jagged1 proteins in LPS1-3 groups were significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). (3) Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and electron microscope pathology: compared with the control group, LPS1-3 groups had more loosely arranged frontal cortices and more obvious cell pyknosis.Under the electron microscope, the cytoplasm was swelling to varying degrees, mitochondrial cristae were broken, and part of the nuclear membrane was damaged. Conclusions:In the " multi-hits" cognitive impairment model, the damage to the brain tissue structure and behavioral changes of pups may be related to the up-regulation of Notch1/Jagged1 pathway mediated by repeated exposure to LPS.

The expression of collagen type Ⅰ alpha 2 chain in glioma and its influence on the migration and invasion of glioma / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To study the expression and clinical significance of collagen type Ⅰ alpha 2 chain (COL1A2) in glioma , and its effect on the migration and invasion of glioma cell lines.Methods:Through in-depth mining of the data related to COL1A2 in the Oncomine database, meta-analysis of its expression in different types of tumors, different grades and different molecular types of glioma, and then through the Chinese glioma genome map project (Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, CGGA) database to explore the relationship between its expression level and the prognosis of glioma patients. The COL1A2 gene was functionally annotated by gene ontology (GO) and Pathway analysis. The annotation content includes cell components, biological processes, molecular functions and related signal pathways.Results:A total of 426 research results on COL1A2 in different types of tumors were collected in the Oncomine database, 114 of which were statistically different, 103 studies with increased COL1A2 expression, and 11 studies with decreased expression; the analysis shows there were 22 studies on high expression of COL1A2 in tumors, and no studies on low expression. Analysis of different grades of glioma and different molecular types of glioma Compared with the control group, COL1A2 was highly expressed in various types of glioma. Through the analysis of the gene chip data of the CGGA database, it was found that in glioblastoma, low expression levels of COL1A2 were significantly associated with an improved prognosis in patients with glioma ( P<0.05). Next, through GO and Pathway annotations, it was found that COL1A2 was involved in the biological processes of NAD metabolic salvage pathway, cell and cell signal transduction, circadian rhythm regulation and so on. Finally, through the construction of overexpression and knockdown cell lines in glioblastoma cell lines U87 and T98, scratch experiments and transwell cell function experiments confirmed that COL1A2 can significantly promote the migration and invasion of glioblastoma cell lines. Conclusions:Low expression levels of COL1A2 were significantly associated with improved prognosis in patients with glioma. Knockdown and overexpression of COL1A2 on glioblastoma cell lines U87 and T98 manifested that COL1A2 can promote glioblastoma cell lines migration and invasion ability. Based on the above results, COL1A2 may be used as an indicator for judging the prognosis of glioblastoma and as a potential biological target for therapy.

Study on the fecal metabolomics of CUMS-susceptible and CUMS-resilient rats / 药学学报

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) based metabolomics was applied to characterize the fecal metabolic profiles of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-depression (CUMS-D) and CUMS-resilience (CUMS-R) rats. The fecal biomarkers and metabolic pathways involved in CUMS-D and CUMS-R were screened and identified, revealing the underlying mechanisms of two different responses of the body to the same stresses. Firstly, the classic depression model, i.e. CUMS, was constructed. According to the fecal metabolomics profiles, the model rats were divided into two groups, i.e. the CUMS-D group and the CUMS-R group. And then, the depression statuses of CUMS-D rats and CUMS-R rats were verified by their sucrose preference rates. Lastly, multivariate data analysis was applied to clarify the fecal biomarkers and corresponding metabolic pathways involving in CUMS-D and CUMS-R. The results show that compared with the control rats, the sucrose preference rates of CUMS-D rats were significantly reduced. By contrast, the sucrose preference rates of CUMS-R rats had no significant difference. At the same time, CUMS-D and CUMS-R showed both unique and shared biomarkers and pathways. Three pathways are significantly related to CUMS-D, including taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. Glycerolipid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism are specific pathways related to CUMS-R. This study explores the mechanisms of the emergence of susceptible and resilience of rats under the same stimulus from a metabolomics perspective. The current findings provide not only a new perspective for studying depression, and personalized and precision treatments in clinic, but also the research and development of antidepressants.

Mechanism of Xiaoyao San in treatment of depression,breast hyperplasia,and functional dyspepsia based on network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Xiaoyao San(XYS) in the treatment of three diseases of liver depression and spleen deficiency, ie, depression, breast hyperplasia, and functional dyspepsia, and to provide a theoretical basis for the interpretation of the scientific connotation of "treating different diseases with the same method" of traditional Chinese medicines. Traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP) was used to screen the active components of XYS which underwent principal component analysis(PCA) with the available drugs for these three diseases to determine the corresponding biological activities. The targets of XYS on depression, breast hyperplasia, and functional dyspepsia were obtained from GeneCards, TTD, CTD, and DrugBank databases. Cytoscape was used to plot the "individual herbal medicine-active components-potential targets" network. The resulting key targets were subjected to Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis and gene ontology(GO) enrichment analysis. A total of 121 active components of XYS and 38 common targets in the treatment of depression, breast hyperplasia, and functional dyspepsia were collected. The key biological pathways were identified, including advanced glycation and products(AGEs)-receptor for advanced glycation and products(RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and cancer-related pathways. The key targets of XYS in the treatment of depression, breast hyperplasia, and functional dyspepsia included IL6, IL4, and TNF, and the key components were kaempferol, quercetin, aloe-emodin, etc. As revealed by the molecular docking, a strong affinity was observed between the key components and the key targets, which confirmed the results. The therapeutic efficacy of XYS in the treatment of diseases of liver depression and spleen deficiency was presumedly achieved by reducing the inflammatory reactions. The current findings are expected to provide novel research ideas and approaches to classify the scientific connotation of "treating different diseases with the same method" of Chinese medicines, as well as a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of XYS and exploring its clinical applications.

Effect of shear stress on eicosanoid metabolism in endothelial cells by metabolomics approach / 生理学报

The article aims to study the effect and mechanism of shear stress on eicosanoids produced by the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids in endothelial cells. First, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated by control (Static), laminar shear stress (LSS) and oscillatory shear stress (OSS) for 6 h. Then the endothelial cells were incubated with fresh M199 medium for 3 h, and the cell culture medium was collected. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer was used to detect the level of eicosanoid metabolites secreted by endothelial cells. The results showed that under different shear stress, the level of eicosanoid metabolites were changed significantly. We found 10 metabolites were significantly up-regulated by OSS compared with those in LSS group, including PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α and PGJ2 produced by cyclooxygenase; 11-HETE, 15-HETE, 13-HDoHE produced by lipoxygenase or spontaneous oxidation; 12,13-EpOME, 9,10-EpOME, 9,10-DiHOME produced by cytochrome P450 oxidase and soluble epoxide hydrolase. The transcription levels of these up-regulated eicosanoids metabolic enzyme-related genes were also increased in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that OSS may promote the increase of metabolites by up-regulating the transcription level of metabolic enzyme-related genes, which playing a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. This study reveals the effect of shear stress on eicosanoid metabolism in endothelial cells, which provides a novel supplement to the systems biology approach to study systemic hemodynamics.

Safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride combined with midazolam in fiberoptic bronchoscopy in children: a prospective randomized controlled study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride combined with midazolam in fiberoptic bronchoscopy in children.@*METHODS@#A total of 118 children who planned to undergo fiberoptic bronchoscopy from September 2018 to February 2021 were enrolled. They were divided into a control group (@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly decreased MAP at T@*CONCLUSIONS@#Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride combined with midazolam is a safe and effective way to administer general anesthesia for fiberoptic bronchoscopy in children, which can ensure stable vital signs during examination, reduce intraoperative adverse reactions and postoperative agitation, shorten examination time, and increase amnesic effect.

Research progress on mechanism of TBX1 gene affecting phenotype of 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome / 医学研究生学报

22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is a genetic syndrome caused by the deletion of 22q11.21-q11.23 in the proximal long arm microfragment of chromosome 22 for human. TBX1 belongs to the T-box family and is located in 22q11.2 of chromosome. Studies have shown that haploinsufficiency of TBX1 is the main cause of 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome, which is of great significance for the appearance of its phenotype. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of TBX1 in the mechanism of cardiac disease, pulmonary artery phenotype, thymus development, pharyngeal and palatal development, lymphatic formation, and low proliferation of parathyroid tumors.

Research progress on mechanism of TBX1 gene affecting phenotype of 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome / 医学研究生学报

22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is a genetic syndrome caused by the deletion of 22q11.21-q11.23 in the proximal long arm microfragment of chromosome 22 for human. TBX1 belongs to the T-box family and is located in 22q11.2 of chromosome. Studies have shown that haploinsufficiency of TBX1 is the main cause of 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome, which is of great significance for the appearance of its phenotype. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of TBX1 in the mechanism of cardiac disease, pulmonary artery phenotype, thymus development, pharyngeal and palatal development, lymphatic formation, and low proliferation of parathyroid tumors.

Research progress in combination applications of antidepressant drugs / 中国中药杂志

Depression is a common affective disorder. The application of antidepressants can significantly alleviate the symptoms of depression, which is the most important way to treat depression in clinical practice. Due to the complex etiology, wide variety, as well as diversity and severity of serious concomitant symptoms, rational addition of other drugs into antidepressants can significantly improve the cure rates of depression, reduce adverse reactions, and improve patient compliances. Therefore, the combined applications of differential drugs have been commonly used in clinic. In this paper, more than 600 literatures about depression from 2010 to 2019 were collected based on the key words of antidepressant, depression, combined medication, synergism and increase efficiency. Based on this, by summarizing and classifying the existing combinations of antidepressant drugs, this paper systematically expounds the current combined applications of antidepressant drugs in three categories, i.e. western medicines combined with western medicines, western medicines combined with traditional Chinese medicines, and traditional Chinese medicines combined with traditional Chinese medicines, in the expectation of providing the direction and basis for the selection of rational combinations of antidepressant drugs in clinic.

Association between total cholesterol and type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study / 中华疾病控制杂志

@#Objective To explore the association between total cholesterol and type 2 diabetes ( T2DM) ． Methods Non－diabetic people who aged 20 to 90 years at the baseline and who had physical examination more than 2 times were screened． Comparisons of the baseline characteristics were conducted with Student－t test or Pearson chi－square test． Generalized estimating equation ( GEE) was used to analyze the effect of total cholesterol of quantiles groups ( 2．10－ mmol /L，4．16－ mmol /L，4．76－ mmol /L and 5．42 －13．29 mmol /L) to type 2 diabetes． Results The cohort with an average age of 3．53 years per person in- cluded 12 928 subjects and 45 626 person－years． During the follow－up，447 cases of new－onset diabetes occurred and the incidence density was 9. 80‰． The high incidence of type 2 diabetes increased with the increase of total cholesterol． After adjusting the factors including age，high density lipoprotein，hypertension and obesity，based on the 2. 10－ mmol /L group，the relative risk ( RR) of the 4. 16－ mmol /L，4. 76－ mmol/L and 5. 42－13. 29 mmol /L group were 1. 24( 95% CI: 0. 83－1. 86) ，1. 75 ( 95% CI: 1. 19－2. 56) and 3. 60( 95% CI: 2. 51－5. 17) ，respectively． Conclusions Total cholesterol is associated with type 2 diabetes，and as the total cholesterol increases，the risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases．

Literature Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions Induced by Osimertinib Mesylate / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To analyze the clinical manifestations and characteristics of adverse drug reactions （ADR） induced by osimertinib mesylate， and to provide reference for clinical safe use of drugs. METHODS： Retrieved from PubMed， Wanfang database， CNKI and VIP during database establishment-Aug. 2018， ADR cases of osimertinib mesylate were analyzed retrospectively in respects of patient’s age， gender， nationality， usage and dosage of osimertinib mesylate， occurrence time of ADR， clinical manifestations， treatment measures and outcome， etc. RESULTS： A total of 20 articles were included， involving 21 patients. The age of the patients was 32-82 years old， and the proportion of patients aged 57-79 was the largest （80.9％）. The female with ADR （14 cases） were more than the male. The patients were from 5 countries， in which Japan took the most ratio （13 cases， 61.9％）. The dose of osimertinib mesylate was 160 mg/d in a patient and commonly recommended dose 80 mg/d for other patients. The most ADR cases （16 cases， 76.2％） occurred within 3 months， and no reports of ADR occurred more than 12 months. Organs/systems involved in ADRs were mainly respiratory system （11 case times， 45.8％） and digestive system （6 cases， 25.0％）， in addition， ADR also occurred in cardiovascular system， hematological system， systemic reactions， skin and eyes. Among 21 patients， 3 cases were mild ADR so that they were given same dose with same frequency. A patient suffered from interstitial pneumonia and was given medicine every other day and symptomatic treatment； the symptoms of the patient were relieved. Other 17 cases were relieved after drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment， but 2 patients died of tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS： In clinical application of osimertinib mesylate， attention should be paid to ADR monitoring， especially short-term ADR， especially ADR of respiratory， digestive system.

Role of mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in reduction of bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity by lipid emulsion in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in reduction of bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity by lipid emulsion in rats.Methods Forty-five healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 300-350 g,were divided into 3 groups by a random number table method:sham operation group (Sham group,n =5),bupivacaine group (B group,n =20),and lipid emulsion group (L group,n =20).Cardiac arrest was induced by intravenously injecting 0.4％ bupivacaine 30mg/kg over 20 s to establish the cardiotoxicity model.Twenty percent lipid emulsion was intravenously injected in a dose of 5 ml/kg during resuscitation in group L,and normal saline was intravenously injected in a loading dose of 5 ml/kg during resuscitation in group B,followed by a 3-min infusion of 1 ml · kg-1 · min-1 in two groups.The successful resuscitation and survival rate at 120 min of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were recorded.Systolic blood pressure,heart rate,mean arterial pressure,rate-pressure product (RPP) and ratio of RPP at each time point after recovery of spontaneous heart beat to baseline value (RPPh) were recorded every 10 min after ROSC.The time from administration to cardiac arrest (T0),time from beginning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to appearance of the first spontaneous heart beat (Ts) and time from beginning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to appearance of ROSC (Tr) were recorded.Rats were sacrificed at 120 min of ROSC,and left ventricular tissues were obtained for determination of the expression of Bax,Bcl-2,cleaved caspase-9,cleaved caspase-3,cytochrome C (Cyt c) in cytoplasm and mitochondria (by Western blot) and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction) and for examination of myocardial ultrastructure.Results Compared with Sham group,the expression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA and mitochondrial Cyt c was significantly down-regulated,and the expression of Bax protein and mRNA,cleaved caspase-9,cleaved caspase-3 and cytoplasmic Cyt c was up-regulated in B group (P＜0.05).Compared with B group,the rate of successful resuscitation and survival rate were signif-icantly increased,Tr was shortened,systolic blood pressure,heart rate,RPP and RPPh were increased after ROSC,the expression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA and mitochondrial Cyt c was up-regulated,the expression of Bax protein and mRNA,cleaved caspase-9,cleaved caspase-3 and cytoplasmic Cyt c was downregulated (P＜0.05),no significant change was found in To or Ts (P＞0.05),and the pathological changes of myocardium were significantly attenuated in L group.Conclusion The mechanism by which lipid emulsion reduces bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity may be related to inhibiting mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in rats.

Treatment for posterior root tear of lateral meniscus through bone tunnel suture under arthroscopy / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate clinical effects of posterior root tear of lateral meniscus through bone tunnel suture under arthroscopy.@*METHODS@#From January 2012 to December 2014, 23 patients with posterior root tear of lateral meniscus repaired through bone tunnel suture under arthroscopy, including 15 males and 8 females, aged from 19 to 48 years old with an average age of (25.0±4.7) years old; 10 knees on the left side and 13 knees on the right side. Complications were observed, Lysholm score before and after operation at 12 months were used to evaluate clinical results, and VAS score was applied to assess pain relief. MRI was used to check recovery outcomes of lateral meniscus injury.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up from 13 to 24 months with an average of (17.0±4.3) months. No injury of vessels, nerve and incision infection occurred. Motion of knee joint of 19 patients reached normal, 4 patients manifested limited activity of knee joint at12 months after operation. Postoperative Lysholm score 88.52±6.48 at 12 months was higher than that of before operation 46.12±7.35; Postoperative VAS score 0.8±0.7 at 12 months was lower than that of before operation 4.3±1.6.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Bone tunnel suture under arthroscopy for the treatment of posterior root tear of lateral meniscus could relieve pain, decrease postoperative complications and obtain good clinical efficacy.

Finite element analysis of anterior ring injuries in unstable pelvic fractures treated by different methods / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the biomechanical stability of different fixation methods for anterior ring injury of unstable pelvic fractures, and to provide reference for clinical treatment.@*METHODS@#An unstable pelvic fracture model (Tile C) with one side of the sacroiliac joint dislocation and the pubic rami fracture was constructed via three-dimensional finite element analysis. Five different fixation methods were used in the front, and the rear was fixed with sacroiliac screws. The von Mises stress and strain distributions of different combinations of fixation methods were analyzed under mimicking standing conditions.@*RESULTS@#After being loaded with 500 N vertically, the maximum stress in the anterior fracture was 3.56 MPa in anterior pelvic external fixation (AEF) group, the total displacement and the vertical displacement of the Y axis at the sacroiliac joint and the fracture were not more than 1.5 mm. The maximum stress at fixation, the front of the fracture and sacroiliac joints in the anterior pelvic subcutaneous approach(APA) group and AEF, was significantly higher than anterior modified Stoppa approach(ASA) group, anterior pelvic Ilioinguinal approach (AIA) group, and canulated screw fixation(CSF) group. The total displacement and the vertical displacement of the Y axis at the sacroiliac joint and the fracture in APA group and AEF group were also greater than the other three groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Anterior ring injury of unstable pelvic fractures can be significantly improved after the fixation of the implants in the five combined methods. However, overall biomechanical properties of ASA, AIA and CSF group are superior to APA and AEF group.

Sex Recognition of Skulls in Chinese Uygur / 法医学杂志

Objective Logistic regression method was used to establish a multiple regression sex discriminant function to discriminate the complete skull model and the incomplete skull model without frontal bone, occipital bone and mandible of Uygur adults in Turpan, Xinjiang. Methods A total of 117 （60 male and 57 female） three-dimensional skull models were collected by CT. Sixteen cranial measurement indexes were measured and calculated by computer software. The multivariate regression sex discriminant function was established with Logistic regression method and retrospectively tested. Results Among the 16 measurement indexes, except for nose width （x7） and maximum frontal breadth （x13）, the remaining 14 indexes had statistical significance of differences between male and female （P<0.05）. For the discriminant function of complete skull established by eyebrow arch convexity （x4）, mastoid width （x6）, maximum cranial length （x12）, cranial base length （x15）, cranial circumference （x16）, the male and female discrimination accuracy was 90.0% and 94.7%, respectively. For the sex discriminant function of incomplete skull without frontal bone established by mandibular angle width （x10）, mandibular height （x11） and cranial circumference （x16）, the discrimination accuracy of male and female was 85.0% and 84.2%, respectively. For the sex discriminant function of incomplete skull without occipital bone established by the index of eyebrow arch convexity （x4）, the discrimination accuracy of male and female was 80.0% and 73.7%, respectively. For the sex discriminant function of incomplete skull without mandible established by frontal chord （x5） and occipital protrusion angle （x9）, the discrimination accuracy of male and female was 85.0% and 78.9%, respectively. Conclusion The computer software and system developed in our study can achieve sex discrimination of complete skulls and incomplete skulls without frontal bone, occipital bone or mandible.

Effect of perioperative dexamethasone on nausea, vomiting and pain after total knee arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of perioperative dexamethasone on nausea, vomiting and pain after unilateral total knee arthroplasty and to evaluate its safety.@*METHODS@#From February 2014 to June 2016, 100 patients with unilateral advanced osteoarthritis treated by total knee arthroplasty were divided into two groups: 50 patients in dexamethasone group including 27 males and 23 females, aged (72.30±7.02) years, were given intravenous drip of dexamethasone 10 mg before operation; 50 patients in saline group, including 26 males and 24 females, aged (71.30±6.08) years, were given the same amount of saline at the corresponding time. The VAS scores of pain at rest and at 45 degrees of knee flexion were recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after operation. Vomiting, antiemetic drugs and opioids were recorded at 0 to 24 h and 24 to 48 h after operation. The side effects and complications were recorded.@*RESULTS@#All the 100 patients were followed up for an average of 14.5 months. VAS score of pain at rest in dexamethasone group was lower than that in saline group at 8, 24 and 48 h after operation (<0.05); VAS score of dexamethasone group at 45 degrees after knee flexion was lower than that of saline group at 8 and 48 h after operation(<0.05); VAS score of dexamethasone group at rest and 45 degrees after knee flexion was lower than that of saline group(<0.05). The dosage of opioids and total opioids in dexamethasone group was lower than that in saline group at 0 to 24 h, 24 to 48 h after operation (<0.05). The proportion of nausea and vomiting occurred at 0 to 24 h and 24 to 48 h after operation, and the proportion of antiemetic required at 0 to 24 h after operation had statistical significance between two groups(<0.05). The total antiemetic dosage of dexamethasone group was less than that of saline group(<0.05). As of the last follow-up, no complications such as infection, gastrointestinal ulcer and bleeding occurred in the two groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Preoperative systemic application of dexamethasone can effectively reduce pain and nausea and vomiting after TKA without increasing postoperative complications.

Role of mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in reduction of bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity by lipid emulsion in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the role of mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in reduction of bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity by lipid emulsion in rats.@*Methods@#Forty-five healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 300-350 g, were divided into 3 groups by a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group, n=5), bupivacaine group (B group, n=20), and lipid emulsion group (L group, n=20). Cardiac arrest was induced by intravenously injecting 0.4% bupivacaine 30 mg/kg over 20 s to establish the cardiotoxicity model.Twenty percent lipid emulsion was intravenously injected in a dose of 5 ml/kg during resuscitation in group L, and normal saline was intravenously injected in a loading dose of 5 ml/kg during resuscitation in group B, followed by a 3-min infusion of 1 ml·kg-1·min-1in two groups.The successful resuscitation and survival rate at 120 min of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were recorded.Systolic blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, rate-pressure product (RPP) and ratio of RPP at each time point after recovery of spontaneous heart beat to baseline value (RPPh) were recorded every 10 min after ROSC.The time from administration to cardiac arrest (T0), time from beginning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to appearance of the first spontaneous heart beat (Ts) and time from beginning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to appearance of ROSC (Tr) were recorded.Rats were sacrificed at 120 min of ROSC, and left ventricular tissues were obtained for determination of the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome C (Cyt c) in cytoplasm and mitochondria (by Western blot) and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction) and for examination of myocardial ultrastructure.@*Results@#Compared with Sham group, the expression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA and mitochondrial Cyt c was significantly down-regulated, and the expression of Bax protein and mRNA, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and cytoplasmic Cyt c was up-regulated in B group (P<0.05). Compared with B group, the rate of successful resuscitation and survival rate were significantly increased, Tr was shortened, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, RPP and RPPh were increased after ROSC, the expression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA and mitochondrial Cyt c was up-regulated, the expression of Bax protein and mRNA, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and cytoplasmic Cyt c was down-regulated (P<0.05), no significant change was found in To or Ts (P>0.05), and the pathological changes of myocardium were significantly attenuated in L group.@*Conclusion@#The mechanism by which lipid emulsion reduces bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity may be related to inhibiting mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in rats.