Screening methods of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors and current applications / 药学学报

COVID-19 epidemic continues to spread around the world till these days, and it is urgent to develop more safe and effective new drugs. Due to the limited P3 biosafety laboratories for directly screening inhibitors of virulent viruses with high infectivity, it is necessary to develop rapid and efficient screening methods for viral proteases and other related targets. The main protease (Mpro), which plays a key role in the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2, is highly conserved and has no homologous proteases in humans, making it an ideal target for drug development. From two different levels, namely, molecular level and cellular level, this paper summarizes the reported screening methods of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors through a variety of representative examples, expecting to provide references for further development of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors.

Acute Developmental Toxicity of Panax notoginseng in Zebrafish Larvae / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate toxicity of raw extract of Panax notoginseng (rPN) and decocted extract of PN (dPN) by a toxicological assay using zebrafish larvae, and explore the mechanism by RNA sequencing assay.@*METHODS@#Zebrafish larvae was used to evaluate acute toxicity of PN in two forms: rPN and dPN. Three doses (0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 µ g/mL) of dPN were used to treat zebrafishes for evaluating the developmental toxicity. Behavior abnormalities, body weight, body length and number of vertebral roots were used as specific phenotypic endpoints. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) assay was applied to clarify the mechanism of acute toxicity, followed by real time PCR (qPCR) for verification. High performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed to determine the chemoprofile of this herb.@*RESULTS@#The acute toxicity result showed that rPN exerted higher acute toxicity than dPN in inducing death of larval zebrafishes (P<0.01). After daily oral intake for 21 days, dPN at doses of 0.5, 1.5 and 5.0 µ g/mL decreased the body weight, body length, and vertebral number of larval zebrafishes, indicating developmental toxicity of dPN. No other adverse outcome was observed during the experimental period. RNA-seq data revealed 38 genes differentially expressed in dPN-treated zebrafishes, of which carboxypeptidase A1 (cpa1) and opioid growth factor receptor-like 2 (ogfrl2) were identified as functional genes in regulating body development of zebrafishes. qPCR data showed that dPN significantly down-regulated the mRNA expressions of cpa1 and ogfrl2 (both P<0.01), verifying cpa1 and ogfrl2 as target genes for dPN.@*CONCLUSION@#This report uncovers the developmental toxicity of dPN, suggesting potential risk of its clinical application in children.

Outcomes of laryngotracheal reconstruction with anterior and posterior costal cartilage grafts in severe pediatric subglottic stenosis or laryngeal web / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate outcomes of laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR)with anterior and posterior costal cartilage grafts in severe pediatric subglottic stenosis (SGS) or laryngeal web (LW). Methods: A review of patients with severe subglottic stenosis or laryngeal web between January 2020 and January 2022 was performed. Demographic features including gender, age at diagnosis, age at surgery, etiology, airway support, and other comorbidities were collected preoperatively. Patients were evaluated in surgical site, breathing, swallowing, phonation and complications postoperatively.Descriptive analysis was used in this research. Results: Eight patients were included: six with grade Ⅲ SGS following Cotton-Myer grading scale, and two with type Ⅲ LW following Cohen's classification. All patients underwent LTR with anterior and posterior costal cartilage grafts. Five patients underwent single-stage LTR (ssLTR), and three patients underwent double-stage LTR (dsLTR). Seven out of eight patients were able to successfully extubate or decannulate with normal swallowing function; four patients had mild hoarseness, and three had moderate hoarseness. One patient failed in extubation, and underwent tracheotomy. Conclusions: LTR with anterior and posterior costal cartilage grafts is an effective and safe treatment for severe SGS or LW. Careful preoperative assessment of disease severity and overall medical status will help selection between ssLTR and dsLTR, thereby maximizing patient outcomes for both modalities.

Research progress of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors / 药学学报

As a common protease with high similarity among coronavirus species, the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the catalytic hydrolysis of viral precursor proteins into functional proteins, which is essential for coronavirus replication and is one of the ideal targets for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. This paper reviews the main protease inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2, including their molecular structures, potencies and drug-like profiles, binding modes and structure-activity relationships, etc.

Protective effects of Slit2 on corneal epithelium and nerves in diabetic mice and its mechanism / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To explore the promoting effects of slit guidance ligand 2 (Slit2) on the repair of corneal epithelium and nerve damage in diabetic mice and possible molecular mechanism.Methods:Sixty SPF C57BL/6 mice aged 5-6 weeks were divided into normal control group, diabetes model group and Slit2 injection group according to the random number table method, 20 for each group.Diabectic model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in the diabetes model group and Slit2 injection group.A mouse corneal epithelial injury repair model was established using electric epithelial scraper, and Slit2 recombinant protein was subconjunctivally injected immediately following modeling in the Slit2 injection group.The equal volume of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was used in a same way in the diabetes model group.No intervention was performed in the normal control group.Corneal epithelial healing were examined at 24, 48 and 72 hours after corneal epithelial defect by corneal fluorescin staining.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of Slit2 and its related receptors in the corneal epithelium of normal and diabetic model mice.Fluorescence staining of corneal wholemount with β-tubulin Ⅲ was used to observe the changes in corneal nerve morphology.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression and distribution of Slit2 in mouse corneal epithelium in normal control group and diabetes model group, as well as the expression and distribution of Slit2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), threonine protein kinase (AKT), β-catenin and Ki67 in the healing corneal epithelium of mice after corneal epithelium damage in different groups.The mouse corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cell line (TKE2) was divided into normal control group, high-glucose group and Slit2 treatment group.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of p-EGFR/EGFR and p-AKT/AKT in the TKE2 of the three groups.The expression of p-EGFR/EGFR and p-AKT/AKT in high glucose-cultured TKE2 with 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 μg/ml Slit2 treatment for 10 minutes, and before and 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 minutes after 0.5 μg/ml Slit2 treatment was detected by Western blot.The effects of Slit2 on the axon regeneration of mouse trigeminal ganglion cells (TGs) were observed by immunofluorescence staining.The use and care of animals complied with the ARVO statement.This study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (No.[2020]57).Results:At 48 and 72 hours after corneal epithelial scraping, the speed of corneal epithelial repair was significantly slowed down in diabetes model group in comparison with the normal control group and Slit2 injection group.The relative expression levels of Slit2 and its receptors Robo1, Robo2 and Robo4 mRNA in the normal corneal epithelium in the diabetes model group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group (all at P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of Slit2 in normal corneal epithelium in diabetes model group was similar to the normal control group, and the fluorescence intensity of Slit2 in damaged corneal epithelium in diabetic mice was significantly weaker than that in normal control group.Corneal nerve plexus was denser at 7 days after corneal epithelial injury and the nerve fibers were increased with more branches in Slit2 injection group compared with diabetic group.The fluorescence intensity of p-EGFR, p-ERK, β-catenin and Ki67 in damaged corneal epithelium in normal control group and Slit2 injection group was stronger than that of the diabetes model group.The relative expression levels of p-EGFR/EGFR, p-AKT/AKT, and β-catenin in TKE2 in high-glucose group were significantly lower than those in normal control group and Slit2 treatment group (all at P<0.05). The relative expression levels of p-EGFR/EGFR and p-AKT/AKT in high glucose-cultured TKE2 after Slit2 treatment were significantly increased in comparison with before Slit2 treatment (both at P<0.05), and the relative expression levels of p-EGFR/EGFR and p-AKT/AKT in TKE2 were elevated as the increase of Slit2 concentration.The activation effect of 0.5 μg/ml Slit2 on EGFR and AKT pathways was most obvious.The synapse length of TGs cultured by high glucose was (40.52±5.44) μm, which was significantly shortened than (72.14±9.48) μm in normal control group and (73.04±4.66) μm in Slit2 injection group (both at P<0.05). Conclusions:Slit2 can protect the corneal epithelium by activating EGFR signaling pathway and play a protective role to neurons by increasing the density of corneal subepithelial plexus and promoting the growth of TGs axons in diabetic mice.

Comparison of the preservation effect of DX solution and glycerin preservation solution on corneal stromal lens / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To compare the preservation effect of DX preservation solution and glycerin preservation solution on the corneal stromal lens.Methods:Sixty intact corneal stromal lens samples were collected during femtosecond small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) from 60 myopic eyes of 30 subjects at Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from February 2019 to May 2019.The samples were randomized into DX preserved 1-day group, DX preserved 1-week group, glycerin preserved 1-day group, glycerin preserved 1-week group and glycerin preserved 2-week group according to the different preservation methods, with 10 samples in each group.No intervention was done in the samples of the normal control group.Trypan blue staining was used to count the number of dead cells in the corneal stromal lens.The morphological structure of the corneal stromal lens was examined with an optical microscope, and its ultrastructure was observed under the transmission electron microscope.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to any medical intervention.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (No.2019-30).Results:The number of dead cells was (53.1±14.2), (50.8±9.8), (70.4±13.6) and (172.8±31.7) and (182.8±14.2) cells/field in the DX preserved 1-day group, DX preserved 1-week group, glycerin preserved 1-day group, glycerin preserved 1-week group and glycerin preserved 2-week group, respectively, showing a significant difference among the five groups ( F=16.37, P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the DX preserved 1-day group and 1-week group ( P>0.05). The number of dead cells was significantly less in the glycerin preserved 1-day group than that of the glycerin preserved 1-week group and glycerin preserved 2-week group, and the number of dead cells was significantly increased in the glycerin preserved 1-week group compared with the DX preserved 1-week group (all at P<0.05). The arrangement of collagen fibers of the corneal stromal lens was regular and the cells were intact in the normal control group, DX preserved 1-day group and DX preserved 1-week group.The tissue edema, bare cell nuclei and loose collagen fibers were found in the samples in the glycerin preserved 1-day group.The corneal stromal lens was compact and the collagen fibers were dense and the nuclei were intact in the DX preserved 1-day group and DX preserved 1-week group.The distribution of the cells was sparse and the cell structure was abnormal under the transmission electron microscope in various glycerin preserved groups. Conclusions:The structure of corneal stromal lens can be well preserved for one week by DX storage solution.The preservation effect of DX solution is better for fresh human corneal stromal lens than glycerin solution.

Mechanism of Xiaozheng Huoluo prescription in preventing liver fibrosis in rats via the ERK5 pathway: An analysis based on network pharmacology / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Xiaozheng Huoluo prescription (XZHLF) in the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis based on network pharmacology. MethodsTCMSP database, Chemistry Database, ETCM database, chemical source network database, ChemSrc database, and PubChem database were searched and a literature review was performed to collect the chemical components of each traditional Chinese medicine of XZHLF, Swiss ADME database was used to screen out the active components of each traditional Chinese medicine of XZHLF, and Swiss Target Prediction database was used to predict the targets of these active components; GeneCards and OMIN databases were used to collect the disease targets of liver fibrosis, and Venn diagrams were used to obtain the potential targets of XZHLF in the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. Cytoscape 3.7.1 software was used to establish a “drug-active component” network for XZHLF and an “active component-potential target” network for XZHLF in the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. Metascape database was used to perform GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of potential targets, and bubble charts were plotted for the top 20 pathways with the highest number of enriched genes. The MAPK signaling pathway among the top 20 KEGG pathways was analyzed to plot an “active component-potential target-pathway” network. Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control group (K group), model group (M group), colchicine-positive control group (Y group), high-dose XZHLF group (G group), middle-dose XZHLF group (Z Group), and low-dose XZHLF group (D group), and a rat model of liver fibrosis was established by CCl4; the drug was administered simultaneously for 8 weeks. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of ERK5, p-ERK5, MEK5, and MEKK3 in liver tissue. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsA total of 110 active components were screened out from XZHLF and they acted on 923 targets, which were mapped to 6823 disease targets of liver fibrosis to obtain 647 potential targets. XZHLF might act on multiple protein targets such as EGFR, AKT1, IKBKB, MAPK8, and PDGFRB through the pathways including the MAPK signaling pathway and the biological processes including the regulation of MAPK cascade, thereby playing a role in the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. The M group had significant increases in the protein levels of ERK5, p-ERK5, MEK5, and MEKK3 in liver tissue compared with the K, Y, G, Z, and D groups (all P ＜0.05), and the K group had significant reductions in the protein levels of ERK5, p-ERK5, MEK5, and MEKK3 in liver tissue compared with the Y, G, Z, and D groups (all P ＜0.05). ConclusionBased on the method of network pharmacology, it is predicted that XZHLF may prevent and treat liver fibrosis via the MAPK signaling pathway, and it is verified through experiments that XZHLF prevents and treats liver fibrosis via the ERK5 pathway in the MAPK signaling pathway family. The high-dose XZHLF group shows the most obvious anti-liver fibrosis effect.

Lignans with (N, N-diethyl)methyl amino group from Buxus rugulosa / 中国天然药物

Buxrugulosides A-E, four lignan glycosides (1-4) and a protocatechuate derivative (5) featuring a rare (N, N-diethyl)methyl amino group at aromatic rings, were obtained from the aerial parts of Buxus rugulosa, which is famous for treating coronary heart disease. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and by comparing their CD data with previous reports. Compound 1 was a rare sesquilignan, and all of these compounds were the first example of lignans with (N, N-diethyl)methyl amino group.

Robot-assisted percutaneous minimally invasive pedicle screwing for multi-segmental thoracolumbar fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of robot-assisted minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screwing in the treatment of multi-segmental thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurological dysfunction.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 24 patients who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Affiliated to Inner Mongolia Medical University for multi-segmental thoracolumbar fractures from January 2019 to December 2020. They were randomly divided into a robot group ( n=12) in which the minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screwing was assisted by a surgical robot and a manual group ( n=12) in which the minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screwing was performed manually. There were 8 males and 4 females in the robot group, aged from 35 to 74 years; there were 7 males and 5 females in the manual group, aged from 36 to 69 years. The clinical effects were evaluated by comparing the 2 groups in terms of operation time, fluoroscopy frequency, fluoroscopy time, intra-operative needle adjustments, intra-operative blood loss, screwing accuracy, and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, anterior vertebral height ratios and sagittal cobb angles at preoperation, postoperative 3 days and the last follow-up. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability ( P>0.05). A total of 128 screws were implanted in the robot group and 126 ones in the manual group. In the robotic group, operation time [(129.2±10.5) min], fluoroscopy frequency [(8.5±2.1) times], fluoroscopy time [(9.8±1.9) s], guide needle adjustments [(2.3±1.4) times], and intraoperative blood loss [(65.3±9.8) mL] were significantly less than those in the manual group [(153.8±18.1) min, (39.8±5.1) times, (43.9±4.8) s, (18.6±2.6) times and (96.8±10.9) mL] (all P<0.05). Regarding the screwing accuracy evaluated using CT scanning, the robot group was significantly higher (93.75%, 120/128) than the manual group (84.92%, 107/126) ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in VAS score, anterior vertebral height ratio or sagittal cobb angle at postoperative 3 days or the last follow-up ( P>0.05). The VAS scores, anterior vertebral height ratios and sagittal cobb angles at postoperative 3 days and the last follow-up were significantly improved than the preoperative values in all patients ( P<0.05). There was no supplementary surgery or screw loosening in either of the 2 groups. Conclusion:In the treatment of multi-segmental thoracolumbar fractures, robot-assisted percutaneous pedicle screwing can achieve satisfactory clinical effects, because, compared with traditional open surgery, it has exhibited advantages of less operation time, lower radiation exposure, less intraoperative blood loss, and higher screwing accuracy.

A clinical study on the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia with pulsed radiofrequency of the dorsal root ganglion with pain management

@#This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) with pain management as treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). A total of 78 patients with PHN in the thoracolumbar region were randomly divided into two groups (n = 39 for each group): Group A, oral drug treatment only; Group B, DRG PRF of the thoracic spinal nerve combined with oral drug treatment. The numerical rating scale (NRS) scores of both groups were observed before treatment and at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. The results showed that the NRS scores of both groups were significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05). In addition, the NRS score in Group B decreased significantly more than in Group A (P < 0.05). In conclusion, DRG PRF with pain management is a safe and effective treatment for elderly PHN patients, and it can quickly alleviate pain symptoms.

Effect of fine construction of cartilage scaffold in nasal reconstruction / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To explore the method of constructing nasal cartilage scaffold with fine refinement.Methods:From 2010 to 2018, 212 patients with nasal reconstruction were admitted to the Center of Rhinoplasty and Reconstructive Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.Results:The stent structure of all patients was composed of nasal dorsal graft, nasal alar support graft, nasal columella support graft, shield graft, lateral nasal cartilage support graft, hat graft, etc.Conclusions:The reconstructed nose presents a more delicate appearance after the later modification compared with the traditional simple l-shaped cartilage stent, and the patient satisfaction is high.

Effect of Huangdi Anxiao Capsules on zebrafish vascular lesions induced by high glucose and high fat / 中国中药杂志

Zebrafish of different strains with 5 dpf (5 days post-fertilization) were selected and fed with 0.2% high-fat diet for 8 h and 3% glucose solution for 16 halternatively during the day and night for 4 consecutive days. The zebrafish model was established and randomly divided into model group, Huangdi Anxiao Capsules (260 mg·L⁻¹) group and pioglitazone (32 mg·L⁻¹) group. The drug treatment groups were given the water-soluble drugs, with a volume of 25 mL, and incubated in a 28 °C incubator for 4 days. To detect the exposure to the corresponding drugs, the normal control group was set up. Thirty zebrafish were included in each group. The effect of Huangdi Anxiao Capsules on vascular wall thickness, fluorescence intensity of islet beta cells, fluorescence intensity of macrophages, and blood flow velocity of zebrafish were detected. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegfaa) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that compared with the model group, Huangdi Anxiao Capsules can significantly reduce the thickness of the blood vessel wall, increase the fluorescence intensity of islet β cells and macrophages, increase the blood flow velocity in vivo, and decrease the ACE and vegfaa expressions in zebrafish. It is suggested that Huangdi Anxiao Capsules may alleviate zebrafish vascular lesions by regulating the expressions of ACE and vegfaa.

Primary rhinoplasty for female patients utilizing autologous costal cartilage transplantation / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#The purpose is to investigate the validity of a surgical technique that utilizes autologous costal cartilage grafts in primary rhinoplasty for female patients.@*Methods@#From July 2015 to July 2017, 137 cases received primary rhinoplasty with various types of grafts originated from autologous costal cartilage to correct the unpleasant nasal appearances including low dorsum, poorly defined nasal tip and wide alar base.@*Results@#With 6 to 36 months follow-up, six patients(4.3%) exhibited noticeable changes in nasal contour due to graft warping. Revision surgeries were commenced to correct those minor deformities, resulting in satisfactory outcome.All other cases presented significant improvements of the nasal appearance.@*Conclusions@#Autologous costal cartilage is a good source for primary rhinoplasty cases.

Effect of p27 gene combined with Pientzehuang (characters: see text) on tumor growth in osteosarcoma-bearing nude mice / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of p27 gene recombinant adenovirus combined with Chinese medicine Pientzehuang ([characters: see text]) on the growth of xenografted human osteosarcoma in nude mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tissue transplantation was used to construct the orthotopic model of human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cell in nude mice. Thirty tumor-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 mice in each group: blank control group (model of osteosarcoma), empty vector group (recombinant adeno-associated virus-multiple cloning site), Pientzehuang group, p27 gene group and combined treatment group (p27 gene combined with Pientzehuang). The effect of combined treatment on human osteosarcoma was analyzed through the tumor formation, tumor volume and inhibition rate of tumor growth. The expression of p27 was measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The orthotopic model of osteosarcoma in nude mice was successfully constructed. The general appearance of tumor-bearing nude mice in Pientzehuang and p27 gene groups was markedly improved compared with the blank control group; and in the combined treatment group it was significantly improved compared with the Pientzehuang and p27 gene groups. The tumor growth in the Pientzehuang and p27 gene groups was significantly inhibited compared with the blank control group P<0.05); while in the combined treatment group it was markedly inhibited compared with the Pientzehuang and p27 gene groups (P<0.05). The rates of tumor growth inhibition were 34.1%, 56.5% and 63.8% in the Pientzehuang, p27 gene and combined treatment groups, respectively. Meanwhile, the protein expression of p27 gene in the p27 gene group was significantly increased compared with the blank control group (P<0.05); and it was significantly increased in the combined treatment group compared with the p27 gene and Pientzehuang groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>p27 gene introduced by adenovirus combined with Pientzehuang can inhibit the growth of human osteosarcoma cell Saos-2 in nude mice.</p>

Clinical characteristics and prognosis analysis of patients with LMP-1 positive Hodgkin's lymphoma after EBV infection / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the expression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) and CD68 in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients with EB virus infection and to analyze the relation of LMP-1 expression and CD68(+) tumor-associated macrophage count with clinical features and prognosis of HL patients. The expression of LMP1 and count of CD68(+) TAM were detected by immunohistochemical staining in tissue specimens of 72 HL patients; their correlation with clinical features and prognosis of HL patients was analyzed by using statistical method. The results showed that among tissue specimens of 72 HL patients, the positive rate of LMP-1 expression was 18.1% (13/72), the CD68(+) TAM count was more higher in LMP-1 positive expression [250 of CD68(+) TAM/high power field (hpf) is used as demarcation point] (P = 0.003). The statistical analysis showed that the LMP-1 positive expression was more observed in mixed type HL patients (P = 0.000); the positive rate of LMP-1 expression was much high in HL patients with albumin <40 g/L and age ≥ 45 years (P < 0.05). There was no relation of LMP-1 expression and CD68(+) TAM count with the short term therapeutic efficacy of HL patients, but the overall survival time of LMP-1 positive patients among patients followed-up for ≥ 5 years was short (P < 0.05). Moveover, no correlation of CD68(+) TAM count with the overall survival time of HL patients was found. It is concluded that the high count of CD68(+) TAM is more observed in LMP-1 positive expression of HL tissue, the LMP-1 expression states relates both with the pathological types, age and albumin level of patient with HL. The HL patients with LMP-1 positive expression have poor prognosis, suggesting that LMP-1 may be a new prognostic marker for HL patients.

Application of multispectral animal living imaging technology in evaluating osteoarthritis model / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe application value of multispectral animal living imaging technology in rats model of osteoarthritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen male SD rats weighed (180 +/- 20) g (3 months old) were received intra-articular injection of iodoacetic acid for establishing osteoarthritis. Articular cavity of left knee of rats were injected into 50 microl iodoacetic acid. The same volume of sterile saline was injected into right knee articular cavity as control. X-ray living imaging and bone mineral density were observed at 2 and 4 weeks after establishment of model. After 4 weeks,rats were sacrificed and their bilateral joints were collected and determined histologically based on Collins classification and Kellgren-Lawrence classification.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Osteoarthritis model was successfully established, compared with control group, model group showed typical manifestation of osteoarthritis, including irregular cartilage surface,osteophyte formation,joint deformity and cartilage defect,and combined with significant decrease of bone density (P < 0.01), while the decrease was not obvious in proximal tibia (P < 0.05). After 2 weeks, knee joints in model group was classified as Collins grade 1 and Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2,then classified as Collins grade 4 and Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 after 4 weeks,control group showed smooth articular surface,normal joint space and intact cartilage surface, knee joints was classified as Collins and Kellgren-Lawrence grade 0, and bone density of distal femur and proximal tibia were normal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Multispectral animal living imaging technology could be used in dynamic observation of living imaging and detection of bone density in the animal model of osteoarthritis, and it is significant for evaluation of osteoarthritis model, and its realted tesearch.</p>

Standard versus extended pancreaticoduodenectomy in treating adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To compare the postoperative complications and survival of standard pancreatoduodenectomy (SPD) and extended pancreatoduodenectomy (EPD) in patients with resectable adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January 1994 and December 2011, 165 patients with biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head were treated in West China Hospital, among whom 93 underwent SPD and 72 had EPD. Complications and survival after the surgery were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median operation time of the EPD group was longer compared with the SPD group (375 minutes vs.310 minutes, P<0.01), the volume of blood transfusion was larger (700 mL vs.400 mL, P<0.05), while the median hospital stay (13.5 days vs.12 days, P=0.79) and the total complication rates were comparable (34.7% vs.32.4%, P=0.93). The total recurrence rates of the SPD and EPD groups were not significantly different (52.7% vs. 43.1%, P=0.83). No significant differences were found between the SPD and EPD groups in 1-year (81.7% vs. 86.1%), 3-year (38.7% vs. 43.1%), 5-year (16.7% vs. 19.4%), and median survivals (19.8 months vs. 23.2 months, P= 0.52).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The postoperative complications and survival donot differ significantly between SPD and EPD.</p>

Effects of Yougui recipe on the behavioral changes in rat of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of Yougui Recipe, a kidney-supplementing and yang-activating formula which on the behavioral changes of rat of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty Wistar rats were involved and were randomly divided into the blank control group (group A), the model group (group B) and the Yougui Recipe group (group C). SANFH models were established by injection of colibacillus endotoxin and prednisolone intramuscularly. Group C was lavaged with Yougui Recipe (10 ml/kg), while group A and group B were lavaged with the same amount of saline. The behavior of catch force, independent activities, the tail suspension, field experiment and water cleans maze experiment were observed after 6 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with Yougui Recipe, rats in model group: catch force and independent activity decreases; the tail suspension activities was less time. In the desert field experiments, the total distance in 10 min movement reduced significantly. In the water maze experiment, incubation period of escape had a long time obviously, total distance of activities reduced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Yougui Recipe can relieve the ethologic change of rat model of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head.</p>

Different biological characteristics between nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells in rabbits / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare biological characteristics between nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells in vitro model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five New Zealand white rabbits (2 to 3 kg, either gender) were isolated nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus under sterilized condition, then cultured in nutrient solution with 15% FBS and DMEM/F12 (1:1) by enzyme digestion combined with tissue block method. When 90% cells fused, subcultring were performed. Cell morphology were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope, cell viability were detected by trypan blue staining, histological were observed by a toluidine blue and HE staining, cell proliferation were tested by MTT method, then the cell morphology, viability, proliferation between nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no obviously differences between nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus in original and the first strain. Physalides were appeared in annulus fibrosus on the second generation. The strapping time was later, and activity was lower in nucleus pulposus than annulus fibrosus. The growth of cell proliferation in nucleus pulposus was lower than annulus fibrosus from the ninth day.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cell activity in annulus fibrosus is higher than nucleus pulposus. Digenerative disc disease may caused by recession of nucleus pulposus,local biomechnical changes, furether caused structure change and function loss of annulus fibrosus.</p>