Mechanism of Proliferation and Apoptosis of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line NB4 Induced by TPA / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of phorbol-12-myristate-13-ace-tate (TPA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB4 and its molecular mechanism.@*METHODS@#The effect of different concentrations of TPA on the proliferation of NB4 cells at different time points was detected by CCK-8 assay. The morphological changes of NB4 cells were observed by Wright-Giemsa staining. The cell cycle and apoptosis of NB4 cells after TPA treatment were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of NB4 cells after TPA treatment were analyzed by high-throughput microarray analysis and real-time quantitative PCR. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CCND1, MYC, Bax, Bcl-2, c-Caspase 3, c-Caspase 9, PIK3R6, AKT and p-AKT.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, TPA could inhibit the proliferation of NB4 cells, induce the cells to become mature granulocyte-monocyte differentiation, and also induce cell G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. Differentially expressed mRNAs were significantly enriched in PI3K/AKT pathway. TPA treatment could increase the mRNA levels of CCND1, CCNA1, and CDKN1A, while decrease the mRNA level of MYC. It could also up-regulate the protein levels of CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CCND1, Bax, c-Caspase 3, c-Caspase 9, and PIK3R6, while down-regulate MYC, Bcl-2, and p-AKT in NB4 cells.@*CONCLUSION@#TPA induces NB4 cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and promotes its apoptosis by regulating PIK3/AKT signaling pathway.

Recent advances in small molecule inhibitors of interleukin‑1 receptor-associated kinase / 药学学报

Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4), acting as a serine threonine kinase, is considered as a key signal node for the transduction of IL-1R family and TLRs signal pathway. Studies have found that IRAK-4 has a hand in many signal pathways, involving the inflammatory response of human joints, intestines, liver and nervous system, as well as other autoimmune diseases. It is also one of the causes of drug resistance of some cancer cells. Therefore, IRAK-4 tends to be an effective therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancer. The prospects for the development of drugs in this pathway is to develop novel IRAK-4 small molecule inhibitors and investigate their safety and effectiveness, enrich the clinical treatment of inflammatory and cancer diseases finally. This paper classified and summarized the latest research progress on small molecule inhibitors of IRAK-4 signaling pathway according to structures of the compounds, in order to provide assistances and references for the research and development of related drugs.

Effect of Dichloromethane Extraction Phase of Patrinia Scabiosaefolia Fisch. Stem on Proliferation and Differentiation of K562 Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of dichloromethane extraction phase of ethanol extract from stem of Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch.(DPSS) on proliferation and differentiation of K562 cells and its related mechanism.@*METHODS@#MTT assay was used to detect the effects of DPSS at 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml on the proliferation of K562 cells at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes of cell cycle and apoptosis at 24 and 48 hours. Wright-Giemsa staining was used to observe the morphological changes of K562 cells. The cell surface antigens CD33 and CD11b were detected by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#The proliferation of K562 cells treated with different concentrations of DPSS was inhibited in a time-dose dependent manner (r=-0.96). Cell cycle analysis showed that with the increase of DPSS concentration, cells in G2/M phase increased (r=0.88), and cells were blocked in G2/M phase. Flow cytometry results showed that with the apoptosis rate of K562 cells was the highest when treated with 200 μg/ml DPSS for 48 h. Morphological observation showed that the K562 cell body increased, the amount of cytoplasm increased, the ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm decreased, and the nuclear chromatin was rough after DPSS treatment. Cell differentiation antigen, CD33 and CD11b, were positively expressed after treated with DPSS.@*CONCLUSION@#DPSS can induce apoptosis through cell cycle arrest, inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells, and induce K562 cells to differentiate into monocytes, which has a potential anti-leukemia effect.

Practical application of interactive artificial intelligence virtual patient system in diagnostics teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In order to solve the problem of poor communication, low efficiency of consultation, and even affecting self-confidence caused by unskilled skills and insufficient cooperation with patients in the real clinic, and to solve the problem during the clinical thinking training that beginners do not know how to organize effective information and complete the process of diagnosis and differential diagnosis more efficiently. By applying the artificial intelligence (AI) virtual patient (VP) system to the process of teaching diagnostic knowledge and clinical thinking training. It provides the students with the experience of simulating the diagnosis and treatment of the clinical real scene. Let the students talk with the VP system for inquiry training and then go to the clinic to give the real patients inquiry and by simulating the process of treating the real patients, let the students take the initiative to complete the collection of medical records and clinical decision-making under the simulated scene to train the clinical thinking. This can not only solve the shortcomings of the previous simulation teaching and clinical teaching, but also stimulate students' interest in learning. According to the results of the questionnaire, students have a high acceptance of VP system simulation teaching. Through the results of homework and assessment and evaluation, the teaching results are better than before, and this teaching method should be further popularized.

's acupuncture technique and the rules of acupoints selection on leg / 中国针灸

's acupuncture technique is a kind of special acupuncture methods developed and improved by . It has unique curative effects on hysterical paralysis, schizophrenia, madness, epilepsy and traumatic paraplegia, etc. This acupuncture technique has the characteristics of "deep" "transparent" "moving" and "sensing". The acupoints selection is different from that of twelve meridian acupoints. The deep insertion of acupuncture needles is applied at acupoints located in the wrist joint, ankle joint and below, while the penetration needling method is applied at acupoints located in the area which has relatively thick muscles, and where meridian and -meridian are symmetric with each other. The horizontal and deep connection of acupoints and the adjustment effect of -blood and - are emphasized during treatment.

Relationship between of COX-2 expression and radiosensitivity of the irradiated human glioma SHG-44 cells / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the changes of radiosensitivity and the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in the surviving progeny from the irradiated human glioma SHG-44 cells and to provide a theoretical basis for application of COX-2 inhibitors in clinic. Methods: Radiosensitivity of mother SHG-44 cells and that of surviving progeny from the irradiated human glioma SHG-44 cells were studied by measuring the colony-forming rate. The mRNA transcription and protein expression of COX-2 were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results: The radiosensitivity was decreased and the mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2 increased in the surviving progeny of the irradiated SHG-44 cells compared with mother SHG-44 cells. The expression levels of COX-2 were negatively correlated with the radiosensitivity in the irradiated SHG-44 cells. Conclusion: Radiation induced upregulation of COX-2 expression and downregulation of the radiosensitivity in the the surviving progeny from the irradiated human glioma SHG-44 cells. The elevated expression of COX-2 may be one of the reasons for the radioresistance of irradiated SHG-44 cells.