Antenatal breastmilk expression in late pregnancy to improve lactation for women with gestational hyperglycemia: a review / 中华围产医学杂志

Women with gestational hyperglycemia tend to encounter breastfeeding difficulties, which may lead to breastfeeding failure or short duration of breastfeeding. Antenatal breastmilk expression, stimulating or massaging the breasts during pregnancy to produce milk and to collect and store colostrum, is beneficial to lactogenesis, thereby reducing formula feeding, promoting the transition to exclusive breastfeeding and increasing the exclusive breastfeeding rate. This review summarizes the safety and feasibility of antenatal breastmilk expression for women with gestational hyperglycemia, aiming to provide breastfeeding guidance for this population.

Study on the construction and virulence observation of Rv2346 c gene knockout strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mediated by bacteriophage / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate the Rv2346c gene function through constructing Rv2346c gene knockout strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M . tuberculosis) mediated by bacteriophage and observing its virulence after infecting mice lung tissue in vivo .Methods The affinal exchange sites (AES) of the target gene was built ,and then integrated into the phage genomes of M .tuberculosis for harvesting the phagemids .The phagemids was imparted into Mycobacterium smegmatis to get recombinant phages with the same AES .A high titer of the recombinant phages was harvested through amplification in vitro . The M .tuberculosis was transfected and coated on solid medium with hygromycin resistance and cultured for 4 weeks at 37℃ .Single clone was picked out and gene knock-out was confirmed by PCR . Then C57BL/6J mice were infected with either wild type strain (WT ) or knockout strain (KO ) of M . tuberculosis .Mice mortality ,lung tissue inflammation and colony-forming units (CFU ) counts in vitro were observed 6 to 8weeks post infection with different strains . Paired-samples t test was used for comparison between groups ,chi-square test was used for comparison of rates .Results The products of PCR and inserted fragment sizes were consisted with the expectation and confirmed to be the target gene . The target fragment of Rv2346c was removed successfully and the mice were infected for 6-8 weeks .Themice infected with Rv2346c KO strain had reduced mortality (53％ vs 20％ ,χ2 =6 .1112 ,P<0 .05) ,lung tissue inflammation (1040 ± 89 vs 1960 ± 56 ,t=7 .1016 ,P<0 .05) and CFU count in vitro (15 .0 ± 0 .8 vs 90 .0 ± 1 .5 ,t=23 .0361 , P<0 .05) compared with WT strain 6-8 weeks post infection .Conclusion Rv2346c gene knockout strains of M . tuberculosis mediated by bacteriophageis are successfully constructed ,which establishes the foundation for the future gene function study of Rv2346c .

Studies on Anti-inflammatory Effects of Gutong Plasters on Acute Inflammation in Rats / 中国药师

Objective: To study the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of Gutong plasters in acute inflammatory model of rats. Methods:Totally 60 SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group,the model group,Gutong plasters at low,medium and high dose groups(0.594,1.188 and 2.376 g/patch containing crude drug 0.48,0.96 and 1.92 g,respectively) and prednisone ace-tate group(0.005 4 g·kg-1). The acute inflammation model was prepared by injecting 5% formaldehyde into right side of foot plan-tar. And then,the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by measuring the foot plantar volume. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of nitric oxide(NO),histamine(HIS) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) in serum and inflam-matory tissue,the levels of prostaglandin E2(PGE2),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β) and interleu-kin 6 (IL-6) in inflammatory tissue were also determined. Pathological changes were observed through the pathological sections pre-pared by HE staining. Results:When compared with the model group,Gutong plasters could significantly inhibit the swelling of foot plantar in inflammatory rats(P<0.01). At the same time,Gutong plasters could significantly reduce the levels of NO,5-HT and HIS in serum and inflammatory tissue in different degrees(P<0.05 or P<0.01),significantly reduce the content of PGE2in inflammatory tissue (P<0.05 or P<0.01),increase the content of IL-6 in inflammatory tissue and improve the pathological changes of inflammato-ry tissues (the pathological score was significantly reduced). In partical indictor changes,Gutong plasters and prednisone acetate showed an equal effect.In addition,Gutong plasters didn't show significant dose-dependent manner in inhibiting foot swelling,affect-ing inflammatory mediators and improving pathological changes(P>0.05). Conclusion:Gutong plasters have better anti-inflammato-ry effect in the acute inflammation model induced by formaldehyde in rats. The anti-inflammatory effect may be associated with the de-crease of the levels of NO,5-HT and HIS in serum and inflammatory tissue,the decrease of the content of PGE2and the increase of the content of IL-6 in inflammatory tissue. In addition,the anti-inflammatory effect may be relevant to improving the local inflammatory tis-sue subcutaneous edema and inflammatory cell infiltration.

The literature review of women′s decison on mode of delivery and its related factors / 中国实用护理杂志

Decision on mode of delivery (MOD) is a process involved by both clients and health care providers, based on specific clinical situations and women′s values. To help each woman obtain the best MOD is crucial for obstetric health professionals to provide women-centered high quality of care. There is a steep upward trend in cesarean sections in China due to the introduced advanced technologies, overused antenatal monitoring methods, flexible indications for cesarean sections, delayed childbearing ages and people′s misconceptions, etc.. Recently the conditional and comprehensive two-child policy have been implemented in China, which might initiate changes in fertility and birth intentions of many families, and in subsequent decisions on MOD. This review illustrates the pros and cons of MOD, decision process on MOD, influencing factors and strategies to promote decision on MOD, in order for the obstetric professionals to provide evidence-based best care for women and their families in the process of decision-making.

Propensity score study of the relationship between random blood glucose level and clinical outcomes of elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the correlation between admission hyperglycemia and clinical prognosis in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia.Methods Based on the electrical medical record (EMR),information of the patients with pneumonia was retrospectively collected and the necessary data were prepared and arranged.Based on clinical outcomes,demographic characteristics and clinical indicators were compared between groups in order to screen potential variables affecting clinical outcomes.Then,the random blood glucose level 8.6 mmol/L was considered to be the cutoff point for grouping patients,with clinical outcomes as outcome variables,random blood glucose levels as grouping variables,propensity score value analysis method was applied along with the ratio of 1:1 nearest neighbor matching method to generate paired samples in order to assess the impact of blood glucose level on mortality rate;With hospitalization time serving as time variable,survive analysis method was used to analyze COX proportional model.Results Five hundred and fifty-eight patients were enrolled in the analysis,197 patients of which were recorded dead during hospitalization (the dead group).After the correction of demographic characteristics,past medical history and blood test indexes,white blood cells,C reactive protein,random blood glucose at admission and triglyceride levels were regarded as potential factors for the deaths of patients (P<0.05).However,the propensity score analysis method suggested that there was no significant difference between the blood glucose levels and mortality.The survival analysis showed that the mortality in the high blood glucose group was higher than that in the normal blood glucose group (HR=1.68,95%CI(1.22,2.31)).Conclusion Admission hyperglycemia is an important indicator of adverse prognosis in elderly patients with pneumonia.It may be of significance for screening and identifying high-risk patients.

Antioxidative effect of total ginsenosides on exprimental pulmonary fibrosis of mice / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To observe the protective effect and underlying mechanism of total ginsenosides (TG) on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin 5 mg · kg-1 was conducted to establish a pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. Kunming mice(1/2 males and 1/2 females)were randomly divided into sham-operation(Sham),model,total ginsen?osides 40,80 and 160 mg·kg-1 and prednisone acetate(5 mg·kg-1) groups. After 28 d administration,the histopathological changes in the lung were analyzed by hematoxylin eosin(HE)and Masson staining. The exprssion of alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in the lung was detected by real-time PCR. The content of hydroxyproline(HYP)and glutathione(GSH),level of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and hydroxy radical(·OH),activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in the lung were detected by corresponding kits. RESULTS Compared with the sham group,the pulmonary indexes in model group were significantly increased(P<0.01),alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis were obvious. The mRNA expression ofα-SMA,content of HYP and · OH,activity of MPO and NOS were increased(P<0.05),but the content of GSH and T-AOC in model group was decreased(P<0.05). Compared with model group,the pulmonary indexes in TG 80 and 160 mg · kg-1 and prednisone acetate 5 mg · kg-1 groups were reduced(P<0.05),and the degree of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis was mitigated. The mRNA expression ofα-SMA,content of HYP and · OH, the activity of MPO and NO were decreased (P<0.05),while the content of GSH and T-AOC was increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSION TG can improve the degree of mice pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. The mechanism may be related to the increased antioxidant capacity of organisms.

Safety Study of Polyisobutylene Gutong Plaster by Transdermal Administration / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the safety of Polyisobutylene (PIB) Gutong plaster by transdermal administration. METHODS:66 rabbits were randomly divided into a normal group,a group with intact skin and a group with damaged skin. The latter two groups were respectively re-divided into PIB group,the groups of low,medium and high-dose PIB Gutong plaster and Gutong plaster group. An acute toxicity test was conducted on the rabbits,which 14 d of continuous observation was made 24 h af-ter transdermal administration. Another 60 rabbits were divided into several groups as above except for a normal group. A single pri-mary skin irritation test was conducted on them,where skin irritation reactions were recorded 6 h after a single administration based on intra-individual left/right self comparison method. 70 guinea pigs were randomized into a negative control group (vase-line),a PIB group,a positive control group(2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene),a Gutong plaster group and the groups of low,medium and high-dose PIB Gutong plaster,which were dosed for sensitization,followed by a skin sensitization test. RESULTS:No obvi-ous toxicity symptoms could be seen after administration of PIB Gutong plaster. The rabbits’intact or damaged skin had no irrita-tion response to PIB and low and medium-dose PIB Gutong plaster. PIB Gutong plaster caused no irritation response in the rabbits’ intact skin,but slight irritation in damaged skin 1 h after administration. The allergic reaction incidence of the positive control group of guinea pigs was 100% while that of any other groups was 0. CONCLUSIONS:The PIB Gutong plaster is safe for trans-dermal administration.

Effect of high fat diet on bone mass in young mice / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Eight-weeks old C57BL/6J male mice were treated with normal or high fat diet for4 weeks,and then bone mass,number and activity of osteoclasts,differentiation of osteoblasts from bone marrow mesenchymal cells and the change in lipid genes expression were studied.Compared with the normal diet treated group,bone mass of femur from high fat diet treated animal was decreased,but there were increased number and activity of osteoclasts and raised lipid genes expression levels.Besides,no obvious change was found in differentiation of osteoblasts from bone marrow mesenchymal cells.The loss of bone mass induced with high fat diet in young mice was mainly due to increased activity of osteoclasts and bone resorption.

Study on the height of marginal ridge to cusp in posterior teeth and its effect on brackets placement / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the vertical height of mesio-distal marginal ridge to cusp in posterior teeth, which may be helpful to brackets positioning.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study groups comprised of 60 patients (30 men, 30 women, mostly aged 12-14 years) who underwent orthodontic treatment without tooth extraction and matched the Andrews normal occlusion standard after treatment. Study model of each patient was made. Three-dimensional laser measurer was used to evaluate the vertical height of mesio-distal marginal ridge to mesial cusp in posterior teeth. The data were stored in a personal computer and submitted to statistical analysis of paired t test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No statistical significant difference was found in the same teeth between men and women. Not only in maxilla but also in mandible, there was no significant difference between the left and the right (P>0.05). The average vertical height of maxillary first premolars was (1.70+/-0.50) mm, the maxillary second premolars was (1.24+/-0.45) mm, and for maxillary first molars, the result was (0.83+/-0.40) mm. The difference between each result was statistically significant (P9< 0.01). The average vertical height of mandibular first premolars was (2.25+/-0.45) mm, the mandibular second premolars was (1.55+/-0.45) mm, and for mandibular first molars, the result was (1.18+/-0.40) mm. The difference between each result was statistically significant (P<0.0 1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The vertical height of brackets position in posterior teeth should be considered to guarantee that mesio-distal marginal ridges of deferent posterior teeth located in the same plane, so that satisfying goal could be achieved, If the vertical height in the first molar was X mm, the vertical height in the second premolar should be (X+0.5) mm, and (X+1.0) mm might be suit for the first premolar.</p>

The expression of estrogen receptors in the human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression of estrogen receptors in the human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were cultured in vitro. The estrogen receptors (ER)-alpha, ER-beta were detected with immunocytochemistry staining; The mRNA of ER-alpha, ER-beta were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; The expression of ER-alpha, ER-beta protein were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mRNA and protein expression of two subtype of ER were observed on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF). The intensity of the ER-beta bands were stronger than those of ER-alpha, indicating that ER-beta expression in HPLF was higher.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ER may play an important role in the function of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.</p>

Preliminary study of intensity-modulated radiation therapy for recurrent cervical cancer / 中华妇产科杂志

0.05).The effective rate of group A was 71%(15/21)and of group B 39%(7/18),with a significant difference in the two groups (P

Development of a nano-TiO_2 ceramic-coated orthodontic bracket / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To develop nano-TiO_2 ceramic-coated orthodontic brackets, and to study the surface characters of ceramic film. Methods:TiO_2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the Gel-Sol method. Electron beam physical vapor deposition(e-beam PVD)technology was used to deposit the nano-TiO_2 ceramic film on the surface of the orthodontic brackets, which were manufactured by the Xinya factory, Hangzhou.The surface properties of the nano-TiO_2 ceramic film were observed with scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X ray power diffraction(XRD).Results:The synthesized TiO_2 particles were uniform with the diameter of (6?2) nm. The TiO_2 ceramic film on the orthodontic brackets was 5~8 ?m in thickness, with smooth surface and anatase stratiform structure.Conclusions:The nano- TiO_2 ceramic film has good surface properties and actinochemistry characters without any influence on the slot size.