RESUMO
Background: Since most clinical treatments of Persian children's language impairments are based on either the therapist, clinicians' experiences [mostly], or English language norms [sometimes], comparing two minor indices of speech quality, namely "mean Length of Utterance" [MLU] and "mean length of five phrasal utterances" [MLFPU] between different age groups of children, would be unequivocally efficient to help diagnose and treat Farsi-Speaking Children with language impairments
Methods: To compare the two mentioned indices of 2 to 5-year-old normal Farsi-speaking children, the speech samples of 500 children were scrutinized by elicitation, transcription, and statistically analyzing their language samples
Results: The net results prove that as the children's ages grow from 2 to 5, the two mentioned indices increase and extend as well
Conclusion: The influence of chronological age on the indices varies, regarding the type of language samples. Hence, the analysis of speech quality indices in assessment of children's language ability has to be performed based on the language sampling methods
RESUMO
Ramadan Fasting is prescribed by Holy Quran for every able-bodied, adult Muslim and is considered an essential practice for all Muslims including pregnant women. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Ramadan fasting on neonatal anthropometric measurements during the third trimester of pregnancy. This is a cross-sectional study, carried out on 300 delivering women in 2013. All participants were divided into fasting [n=150] and non-fasting [n=150] groups. Neonatal anthropometric measurements were compared in both groups. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test in SPSS Ver. 11.5 at a significant level of 5%. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the birth weight [p=0.97], head circumference [p=0.09] and height [p=0.12] of the neonates. Also, the prevalence of LBW was similar in fasting and non-fasting groups [p=0.33]. Ramadan fasting in the third trimester of pregnancy has no adverse effects on neonatal anthropometric measurements
RESUMO
Context: During human evolution, the morphology of mandibular molar occlusal surface has changed from pattern "y" to pattern "+". Six types of occlusal patterns were classified as: +4, 4-y,+5, 5-y,+6 and 6-y. Aims: To determine the prevalence of these six types of mandibular second molars in Iranian adolescents. Settings and Design: This descriptive investigation was undertaken in the high schools of Isfahan city, Iran. The students were selected by cluster sampling method, and then they were screened and only those with erupted mandibular second molars bilaterally were selected. Materials and Methods: A total of 794 cases were randomly selected and the number of cusps and groove pattern of mandibular second molar were examined intra-orally and by studying dental casts. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for data analysis. Results: The most frequent occlusal configuration was the "+4" form (76.9%). A total of 683 cases (86%) were found to have four-cusp form, 104 cases (13.1%) were five-cusp form and 7 cases (0.9%) were six-cusp form. Conclusion: The most frequent occlusal configuration was the "+4" form; thus, there is a high evolutionary trend in Iranian mandibular second molars.