Risk factors for stomach cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES@#This report provides information on 14 behavioral and nutritional factors that can be addressed in stomach cancer prevention programs. @*METHODS@#PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched through December 2018. Reference lists were also screened. Observational studies addressing the associations between stomach cancer and behavioral factors were analyzed. Between-study heterogeneity was investigated using the χ2, τ2, and I2 statistics. The likelihood of publication bias was explored using the Begg and Egger tests and trim-and-fill analysis. Effect sizes were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. @*RESULTS@#Of 52,916 identified studies, 232 (including 33,831,063 participants) were eligible. The OR (95% CI) of factors associated with stomach cancer were as follows: Helicobacter pylori infection, 2.56 (95% CI, 2.18 to 3.00); current smoking, 1.61 (95% CI, 1.49 to 1.75); former smoking 1.43 (95% CI, 1.29 to 1.59); current drinking, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.29); former drinking, 1.73 (95% CI, 1.17 to 2.56); overweight/obesity, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.08); sufficient physical activity, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.68 to 1.02); consumption of fruits ≥3 times/wk, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.63); consumption of vegetables ≥3 times/wk, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.79); eating pickled vegetables, 1.28 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.51); drinking black tea, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.20); drinking green tea, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.97); drinking coffee, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.11); eating fish ≥1 time/wk 0.79 (95% CI, 0.61 to 1.03); eating red meat ≥4 times/wk 1.31 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.96), and high salt intake 3.78 (95% CI, 1.74 to 5.44) and 1.34 (95% CI, 0.88 to 2.03), based on two different studies. @*CONCLUSIONS@#This meta-analysis provided a clear picture of the behavioral and nutritional factors associated with the development of stomach cancer. These results may be utilized for ranking and prioritizing preventable risk factors to implement effective prevention programs.

Risk factors for stomach cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES@#This report provides information on 14 behavioral and nutritional factors that can be addressed in stomach cancer prevention programs. @*METHODS@#PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched through December 2018. Reference lists were also screened. Observational studies addressing the associations between stomach cancer and behavioral factors were analyzed. Between-study heterogeneity was investigated using the χ2, τ2, and I2 statistics. The likelihood of publication bias was explored using the Begg and Egger tests and trim-and-fill analysis. Effect sizes were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. @*RESULTS@#Of 52,916 identified studies, 232 (including 33,831,063 participants) were eligible. The OR (95% CI) of factors associated with stomach cancer were as follows: Helicobacter pylori infection, 2.56 (95% CI, 2.18 to 3.00); current smoking, 1.61 (95% CI, 1.49 to 1.75); former smoking 1.43 (95% CI, 1.29 to 1.59); current drinking, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.29); former drinking, 1.73 (95% CI, 1.17 to 2.56); overweight/obesity, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.08); sufficient physical activity, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.68 to 1.02); consumption of fruits ≥3 times/wk, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.63); consumption of vegetables ≥3 times/wk, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.79); eating pickled vegetables, 1.28 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.51); drinking black tea, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.20); drinking green tea, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.97); drinking coffee, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.11); eating fish ≥1 time/wk 0.79 (95% CI, 0.61 to 1.03); eating red meat ≥4 times/wk 1.31 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.96), and high salt intake 3.78 (95% CI, 1.74 to 5.44) and 1.34 (95% CI, 0.88 to 2.03), based on two different studies. @*CONCLUSIONS@#This meta-analysis provided a clear picture of the behavioral and nutritional factors associated with the development of stomach cancer. These results may be utilized for ranking and prioritizing preventable risk factors to implement effective prevention programs.

survey of the effective factors in students' adherence to university dress code policy, using the theory of reasoned action

Introduction: Recognizing the determinants of behavior plays a major role in identification and application of effective strategies for encouraging individuals to follow the intended pattern of behavior. The present study aimed to analyze the university students' behaviors regarding the amenability to dress code, using the theory of reasoned action [TRA]

Methods: In this cross sectional study, 472 students were selected through multi-stage random sampling. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by specialists. Besides, its reliability was confirmed by conducting a pilot study revealing Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.93 for attitude, 0.83 for subjective norms, 0.94 for behavioral intention and 0.77 for behavior. The data were entered into the SPSS statistical software and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics [Mann-Whitney, correlation and regression analysis]

Results: Based on the students' self-reports, conformity of clothes to the university's dress code was below the expected level in 28.87% of the female students and 28.55% of the male ones. The mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, and behavioral intention to comply with dress code policy were 28.78 +/- 10.08, 28.51 +/- 8.25 and 11.12 +/- 3.84, respectively. The students of different colleges were different from each other concerning TRA constructs. Yet, subjective norms played a more critical role in explaining the variance of dress code behavior among the students

Conclusion: Theory of reasoned action explained the students' dress code behaviors relatively well. The study results suggest paying attention to appropriate approaches in educational, cultural activities, including promotion of student-teacher communication

Demographic characteristics of type 1 diabetic children and adolescents in Hamadan, Iran

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease in pediatric. We aimed to determine the demographic characteristics at presentation of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in Hamadan, west province of Iran

Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study, demographic data of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus being followed up in Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic of Besat Hospital Hamedan Iran, were analyzed. A detailed record of the required information including the age, sex, Place of living[urban, rural], season, disease presentation, parental consanguinity [1st cousin relation],The mean mother's age at delivery, BMI ,birth seasonality and birth order were collected. The data was analyzed by standard statistical package SPSS, version 15.0. Results with p-value less than 0.05 were defined as statistically significant

Results: In total, 150 patients were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.47 +/- 3.17 yr. The majority of patients were urban. The frequency of disease was higher in summer. BMI percentile of most cases was between 5[th] to 85[th]. The frequency of positive family history was 10.7%. Among the studied patients, 18.7% had parental consanguinity. The mean mother's age at delivery was 25 +/- 5.3 yr. Of the studied patients, 82.7% were exclusively breastfeed and 43% were the first child of family. About 13.3% had co-occurring endocrine disease

Conclusions: Age at diagnosis and sex of our patients was similar to the world reported. But, seasonal variation is different in our region. The frequency of a family history of type 1 diabetes in first and second degree relatives was relatively high. Hypothyroidism was the most frequently observed co-occurring endocrine disease

Survey on dermatophytosis in wrestlers and its relationship with wrestling mats in Hamedan

This study examined the prevalence of Tinea gladiatorum as a superficial dermatophytosis in wrestlers of Hamedan and reviews this infection in the wrestling mats in terms of dermatophytic factors. This study was conducted [Oct. 2009 to the end of Sep. 2010] on 1,800 people in 10 wrestling halls. Samples of skin were collected from suspected wrestlers and evaluated via potassium hydroxide. Sterile carpet method [5x5] was also used for sampling from mats surfaces. Common mediums and methods in mycology were used to culture samples and detect grown fungi. 44 individuals [2.4%] of the wrestlers were diagnosed with ringworm. A mat [10%] was infected with dermatophytes. Dermatophytic factor isolated from wrestlers and wrestling mats was Trichophyton tonsurans in all cases. Highest rate of infection in terms of weight was weight group above 90 kg, with infection rate of 5.4% and in terms of age, it was age group of 16-21 with infection rate of 2.6%. Most lesions were observed in the upper body areas in neck 21.3% and the least lesions were seen in the leg 8.2%. In this study, proportion z-test] showed a significant difference between the infected and noninfected wrestlers with ringworm in terms of frequent contact of the lesion with the mat surface and recurrence [p<0.05]. On the other hand, statistical z-test showed that there is no significant difference between the infected and non- infected wrestlers with Tinea gladiatorum in terms of domestic and foreign travel and for training or competition with rivals, the number of domestic and foreign travels, weight, age, type of bathing, wrestling type, the geographic location of wrestling hall and anatomic location of lesion [p>0.05]. Rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment of dermatophytic infection and observance of health issues of athletes to prevent reduction and interruption of the exercises and competitions are essential.