Historical evolution and clinical application of classical prescription Yigongsan / 中国药房

Yigongsan， derived from QIAN Yi’s Key to Therapeutics of Children’s Diseases in the Song Dynasty， is a classic pediatric prescription that is included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （the Second Batch of Pediatrics） released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2022. This paper verifies and analyzes the historical origin， composition， dosage， processing， decoction method and efficacy of Yigongsan by systematically combing ancient books and modern documents. As a result， Yigongsan is composed of five herbs： Panax ginseng， Poria cocos， Atractylodes macrocephala， Citrus reticulata and Glycyrrhiza uralensis， of which P. cocos should be peeled， A. macrocephala is fried with soil， G. uralensis is roasted with honey while P. ginseng and C. reticulata are raw products. According to the dosage of ancient and modern times， each medicinal herb must be ground into fine powder， 1.6 g for each， added with 300 mL of water， 5 pieces of Zingiber officinale， and 2 Ziziphus jujuba， decocted together to 210 mL， and taken before meals. In ancient books， Yigongsan is used to treat vomiting， diarrhea， spleen and stomach deficiency， chest and abdominal distension， and lack of appetite， etc. Modern research showed that Yigongsan could also be used in the diseases of immune system， respiratory system， blood system， etc.， involving infantile anorexia， asthma， anemia， tumors and so on.

Historical Evolution and Clinical Application of Famous Classical Formulas Zhulingtang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The classic formula Zhulingtang, derived from the medical work Treatise on Cold Damage (《伤寒论》) compiled by ZHANG Zhongjing, a medical sage in the Eastern Han Dynasty, has been included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Formulas (First Batch) published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018. Using the method of textual research, this study systematically reviewed ancient and modern literature to conduct a historical and textual analysis of Zhulingtang, including its origin, composition, dosage, processing, decoction methods, efficacy, and applications. A total of 733 pieces of relevant information related to Zhulingtang were collected, involving 206 ancient Chinese medical texts, with 52 of them providing detailed records of the composition, dosage, processing, and efficacy of Zhulingtang. The results of the analysis showed that Zhulingtang was composed of Polyporus, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma, Asini Corii Colla, and Talcum. Polyporus and Poria should be used without their peels, Asini Corii Colla should be stir-fried with clam powder, and Talcum should be ground into powder or soaked in water. Based on the conversion of ancient and modern dosages, Polyporus, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma, and Talcum, 15.63 g for each one, were decocted with 800 mL of water to 400 mL. Then the drug residue was removed, and 15.63 g of Asini Corii Colla was added to the drug juice for melting by heating. The decoction should be taken warm, 140 mL each time, three times a day. Zhulingtang has the effects of promoting diuresis, nourishing yin, and clearing heat, and it is mainly used to treat water-heat combination syndrome, characterized by symptoms such as difficult urination, fever, and thirst. Modern research indicates that Zhulingtang is commonly used to treat diseases such as cirrhotic ascites, chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, diarrhea, and urinary tract infections. This study provides key information about the famous formula Zhulingtang, which can serve as a reference for further development and research on its application.

Historical Evolution and Textual Research on Classic Prescription Danggui Buxuetang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Danggui Buxuetang， derived from Clarifying Doubts about Damage from Internal and External Causes （Volume 2）： Treatise on Heat Injury to Stomach Qi（《内外伤辨惑论卷中·暑伤胃气论》） by LI Dongyuan in the Jin and Yuan dynasties， is a classic and famous formula for tonifying qi and generating blood that has been inherited and promoted by successive generations of medical practitioners and has been included in the "Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions （First Batch）" published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018. The paper analyzed the historical origin， composition， dosage， processing， preparation， decocting， and taking methods， efficacy， and application of the classic formula Danggui Buxuetang by consulting ancient and modern literature and combining the key information examination principles of ancient classic prescriptions. A total of 604 pieces of information on relevant ancient literature were collected， including 186 ancient Chinese medical books， of which 40 （five in the Jin and Yuan dynasties， 19 in the Ming Dynasty， and 16 in the Qing Dynasty） had detailed records of composition， processing， and dosage. Danggui Buxuetang is mainly comprised of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix. According to the ancient and modern dose conversion， there are 37.3-38.1 g of Astragali Radix and 7.5-7.6 g of Angelicae Sinensis Radix in the formula. Astragali Radix is preferably fried with honey and Angelicae Sinensis Radix with wine. Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix are decocted with 600 mL of water to 300 mL， and taken warm before meals. The main effect of this formula are described in ancient books as blood deficiency and fever， with symptoms of muscle fever， dryness and heat， irritability and thirst， red eyes and face， sleeplessness in daytime and night， and surging and feeble pulse which is weak under hard pressing， and it is a famous formula for replenishing qi and generating blood. Modern research shows that Danggui Buxuetang is commonly used in the treatment of various kinds of anemia， diabetic nephropathy， tumors， and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The above research results can provide a reference for the subsequent development and research on the classic formula Danggui Buxuetang.

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Molecular Expression Pattern and Intercellular Interactions in the Glial Scar Response to Spinal Cord Injury / 神经科学通报·英文版

Nerve regeneration in adult mammalian spinal cord is poor because of the lack of intrinsic regeneration of neurons and extrinsic factors - the glial scar is triggered by injury and inhibits or promotes regeneration. Recent technological advances in spatial transcriptomics (ST) provide a unique opportunity to decipher most genes systematically throughout scar formation, which remains poorly understood. Here, we first constructed the tissue-wide gene expression patterns of mouse spinal cords over the course of scar formation using ST after spinal cord injury from 32 samples. Locally, we profiled gene expression gradients from the leading edge to the core of the scar areas to further understand the scar microenvironment, such as neurotransmitter disorders, activation of the pro-inflammatory response, neurotoxic saturated lipids, angiogenesis, obstructed axon extension, and extracellular structure re-organization. In addition, we described 21 cell transcriptional states during scar formation and delineated the origins, functional diversity, and possible trajectories of subpopulations of fibroblasts, glia, and immune cells. Specifically, we found some regulators in special cell types, such as Thbs1 and Col1a2 in macrophages, CD36 and Postn in fibroblasts, Plxnb2 and Nxpe3 in microglia, Clu in astrocytes, and CD74 in oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, salvianolic acid B, a blood-brain barrier permeation and CD36 inhibitor, was administered after surgery and found to remedy fibrosis. Subsequently, we described the extent of the scar boundary and profiled the bidirectional ligand-receptor interactions at the neighboring cluster boundary, contributing to maintain scar architecture during gliosis and fibrosis, and found that GPR37L1_PSAP, and GPR37_PSAP were the most significant gene-pairs among microglia, fibroblasts, and astrocytes. Last, we quantified the fraction of scar-resident cells and proposed four possible phases of scar formation: macrophage infiltration, proliferation and differentiation of scar-resident cells, scar emergence, and scar stationary. Together, these profiles delineated the spatial heterogeneity of the scar, confirmed the previous concepts about scar architecture, provided some new clues for scar formation, and served as a valuable resource for the treatment of central nervous system injury.

Utilization of electronic literature databases in clinical nurses / 中华医学图书情报杂志

In order to carry out subject librarian service and improve electronic literature service in hospital libraries, the utilization of electronic literature databases in 240 clinical nurses of class A and B hospitals in Jinan, Qingdao and Jining was investigated with questionnaire, which showed the new features of clinical nurses in awareness and utilization of electronic literature databases under the new turn of hospital class evaluation.

REPAIRING EFFECTS OF NERVE GROWTH GRANULE ON RAT COMMON PERONEAL NERVE TRANSECTION INJURY / 解剖学报

Objective To study the repairing effects of nerve growth granule(NGG) on rat common peroneal nerve transection injury.Methods After 50 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to nerve suture after transaction,they were randomly divided into 5 groups for daily intragastric administration of drugs:NGG high-dose(5.2g/kg),medium-dose(2.6g/kg),low-dose(1.3g/kg) groups,mecobalamin group(positive control) at 625 ?g/kg,control group(control group control).The drug administration lasted for 4 weeks.Footprint test was performed 2-,3-and 4-weeks after surgery to evaluate toe spread function(TSF).Electrophysiology was performed 4 weeks after operation to determine the compound muscle action potential(CMAP) and nerve action potential(NAP).The number of regenerated myelinated nerve fibers,thickness of myelin sheath and cross sectional area of tibial muscle were measured by histomorphology.Results TSF,amplitude and recovery rate of CMAP and NAP,the number of regenerated myelinated nerve fibers,thickness of myelin sheath and section area of tibial muscle were all increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group.Conclusion NGG contributes to axon growth and myelination,and thus promotes peripheral nerve regeneration in rats with functional recovery.