RESUMO
En 1.431 escolares de 4º básico (748 hombres y 683 mujeres) asistentes a escuelas de nivel socioeconómico (NSE) medio y bajo en Santiago, se evaluó el estado nutricional y el consumo de alimentos seleccionados como línea base de una intervención para promover el consumo de pescado. La prevalencia de obesidad alcanzó al 17 y 11,6por ciento en los niños y niñas de NSE bajo y al 13,2 y 12,6 por ciento en el NSE medio, respectivamente (NS). El consumo de lácteos fue insuficiente, mayor en el NSE medio que en el bajo (356 vs 316 ml/promedio/día) (p<0.001). El consumo de frutas y verduras fue bajo en ambos grupos y el de pan mayor en el NSE bajo que en el medio (220 vs 203 g/promedio/día) (p<0.001). El consumo de pescado sólo alcanzó a los 9 g/promedio/día, sin diferencias por NSE. Los resultados del estudio muestran la necesidad de realizar intervenciones para aumentar el consumo de pescado en la población escolar.
Nutritional status and food intake of 1.431 school children of 4th grade (748 boys and 683 girls) were evaluated as a baseline of a project for promoting fish consumption The school children attended 20 schools of low and medium socioeconomic level (SEL) from Santiago. The resulting prevalence of obesity was 17 and 11.6 percent in boys and girls of low SEL, respectively, and 13.2 and 12.6 percent, in medium SEL (NS). The intake of dairy products was insufficient, higher in medium than in low SEL (356 vs 316 g/average/day) (p<0.001). Fruit and vegetable intake was low in both groups and bread intake higher in low than in medium SEL (220 vs 203 g/average/day) (p<0.001). The quantity of fish consumed was only 9 g/average/day, with no differences by SEL. The results of this study show the importance of developing interventions to improve fish intake among school children.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Ingestão de Alimentos , Promoção da Saúde Alimentar e Nutricional , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Estado Nutricional , Alimentos Marinhos , Estudantes , Chile , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação Nutricional , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Alimentos IntegraisRESUMO
Background:Infantile obesity is associated with metabolic disturbances (hiperinsulinism, impaired glucose, dislypidemia) that determine a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and atherosclerotic vascular disease in adulthood. Insulin resistance is a central mechanism of complications of obesity and is associated to body fat mass. Aim: To investigate insulin sensitivity and its association with anthropometric and metabolic variables in obese children. Patients and methods: We studied 314 children aged 6 to 15 years. Of these, 235 had a body mass index (BMI) over the 95 percentile for age and sex (classified as obese) and 79 had a normal body mass index; 161 were pre-pubescent and 153 were pubescent. Weight, height, percentage of total body fat (% TBF) using the sum of 4 skinfolds, blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), basal glucose (Glu) and insulin (Ins) were measured. Insulin sensitivity (IS) was calculated with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and QUICKI index. Serum lipids, postprandial Glu and Ins were measured only in obese children. Results: BMI, WC and % TBF had an inverse and significant correlation with basal IS (p <0.001). Obese children had higher BP, basal Ins, and HOMA and a lower QUICKI index, compared to normal weight children. A low basal IS was present in 58% of obese children. Obese children with low IS had higher WC, % TBF, triglycerides, total/HDL-cholesterol ratio, basal and 2-h post glucose Gli and Ins and lower HDL-cholesterol than obese children with normal IS. In prepubescent children, the risk of a low IS was 2.43 times higher with a TBF over 33%. In pubescent children, it was 2.92 times higher with a TBF over 37%. Conclusions: Low IS in prepubescent and pubescent obese children is associated with central obesity and a higher cardiovascular risk.