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1.
Interciencia ; 32(6): 399-403, jun. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-502721

RESUMO

Se analiza el desarrollo de la arquitectura de las macollas de Spartina argentinensis Parodi (Poaceae: Chlorideae). Utilizando plantas crecidas en potes y plantas recogidas en campo, se describió la anatomía de los rizomas y la posición de las yemas, que continúan el crecimiento después de disturbios tales como el fuego. La planta presenta un crecimiento tipo falange y comienza a diferenciar rizomas simpodiales después de emitir cinco o más vástagos aéreos. Todas las yemas están protegidas contra el fuego por bandas de tejidos lignificados. Las tonsuras de monje se producen regularmente a lo largo del ciclo de vida de la planta, su desarrollo comienza cuando la planta tiene al menos diez vástagos aéreos y el crecimiento de los rizomas determina los futuros rayos de las macollas. Los factores ambientales solo permiten que se visualice ese claro o tonsura de monje.


Assuntos
Plantas , Poaceae/anatomia & histologia , Poaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Argentina , Botânica
2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 53(3/4): 377-385, sept.-dic. 2005. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-451268

RESUMO

In several tropical and subtropical forests, plants of the understorey act as an ecological filter that differentially affects woody species regeneration. In convex sectors of the Schinopsis balansae (Anacardiaceae) forests of the Southeastern Chaco there are dense colonies of terrestrial bromeliads. These may influence forest regeneration by intercepting rain water and propagules in their tanks. Within colonies, the spatial distribution of bromeliads is clumped because their clonal growth leaves numerous internal gaps. In this study we describe the internal heterogeneity of three bromeliad colonies (plots) and analyze how this heterogeneity affects Acacia praecox regeneration (i.e. seedling recruitment and survival). In January 1996, we randomly placed three transects with 150 contiguous quadrats of 100 cm2 in each plot. For each quadrat we recorded the type of floor cover (i.e. bromeliads, herbs, litter, or bare soil) and the presence of A. praecox seeds or seedlings. In July 1996 we relocated the transects and recorded seedling survival. Bromeliad colonies showed a high internal heterogeneity. Almost half of the 450 quadrats were covered by two terrestrial bromeliads. Aechmea distichantha was recorded in 81% of all quadrats with bromeliads, and Bromelia serra in the others. All quadrats with bromeliads were covered by litter. Half of them were occupied by the bases of bromeliads and the others were covered by their leaves. In contrast, where bromeliads were not present, soil surface was covered by litter in 83% and by herbaceous vegetation in 11% of the quadrats; very few quadrats were covered by bare soil. In January 1996, we recorded 127 seeds and 176 seedlings of A. praecox. Seed and seedling densities of A. praecox were similar in quadrats with and without bromeliads, but variability in seedling density of A. praecox was higher within than among plots. Seed density was higher in quadrats covered by bromeliad leaves than inside the tanks.


En varios bosques tropicales y subtropicales, las plantas del sotobosque actúan como filtro ecológico que afecta diferencialmente la regeneración de las especies leñosas. En los bosques de Schinopsis balansae (Anacardiaceae) del Chaco Oriental existen densas colonias de bromeliáceas terrestres que afectarían su regeneración al interceptar el agua de lluvia y los propágulos dentro de sus tanques. Estas bromeliáceas tienen distribución agrupada dejando espacios libres entre ellas. Describimos la heterogeneidad de tres colonias y analizamos como afectan la regeneración de Acacia praecox. En enero 1996, colocamos en cada colonia tres transectos con 150 parcelas de 100 cm2. En cada parcela registramos el tipo de cobertura (i.e. bromeliáceas, hierbas, hojarasca ó suelo desnudo) y la presencia de semillas o plántulas de A. praecox. En julio 1996, registramos la supervivencia de plántulas. Las colonias de bromiliáceas mostraron una alta heterogeneidad interna. Casi la mitad de las 450 parcelas estuvo cubierto por dos bromeliáceas terrestres. Aechmea distichantha se registró en 81% de las parcelas con bromeliáceas y Bromelia serra en las otras. Todas las parcelas estuvieron cubiertas por hojarasca. La mitad de ellas estuvieron cubiertas por hojas de bromeliáceas y el resto ocupado por sus bases. Donde no había bromeliáceas, el suelo estuvo cubierto por mantillo (83%), herbáceas (11%), u otros. En enero registramos 127 semillas y 176 plántulas de A. praecox. La densidad de ambas fue similar en parcelas con y sin bromeliáceas, pero su variabilidad fue mayor dentro de cada colonia que entre ellas. La densidad de semillas fue mayor debajo de las hojas de bromeliáceas que dentro de las plantas. La supervivencia de plántulas fue superior en parcela con bromeliáceas en sólo una de las tres colonias. Ninguna plántula sobrevivió dentro de las bromeliáceas. Aparentemente...


Assuntos
Acacia/fisiologia , Bromeliaceae/fisiologia , Plântula/fisiologia , Sementes/fisiologia , Argentina , Densidade Demográfica , Análise de Sobrevida
3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 49(1): 203-212, Mar. 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-320098

RESUMO

Amazonia and the Gran Chaco are the largest phytogeographic units of the Neotropical Region. The Forest Wedge of the Santa Fe province of Argentina is the southernmost part of the Eastern Chaco, and there are three main types of forest, 1) the mixed dense forests, 2) the Schinopsis balansae "quebrachal" and 3) the Prosopis nigra var. ragonesei forests, distributed along an environmental gradient correlated with topographic elevation. In this paper litterfall and organic matter decomposition of four species were studied in two different microsites in a Schinopsis balansae forest during three years. Litter fall varied along the year following seasonal environmental variation but litterfall variations between years were not significant. Litterfall was not uniform over the whole surface, under close canopy monthly average litterfall amounts 32.67 g/m2, in open gaps 4.47 g/m2 and 15.07 g/m2 under medium density canopy. Organic matter decomposition, like in other forests, was a negative exponential function of time, and the decomposition rate is independent from the microsites where it falls, 0.15 and 0.12 in sunny and shadow microsites respectively for Maytenus vitis-idaea, 0.10 and 0.11 in sunny and shadow microsites respectively for Achatocarpus praecox, 0.04 and 0.03 for Acacia praecox, 0.04 and 0.06 for Schinopsis balansae in sunny and shadow microsites respectively. Shurbs litter was decomposed faster than the tree litter, and the shurbs litter nutrientes level was also higher. Therefore the rate of organic matter decomposition is more correlated with leaf characteristics than with environmental variables.


Assuntos
Compostos Orgânicos/análise , Folhas de Planta , Solo , Argentina , Árvores/química , Biodegradação Ambiental , Estações do Ano
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