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ABSTRACT Introduction: It is believed that weight training on the lower limbs in martial arts athletes can contribute to a better performance of the whiplash, a specific movement that encompasses pliometry, balance and strength. Objective: Study the effects of weight training on lower limb strength in martial arts athletes when performing the whiplash. Methods: A controlled experiment was conducted involving 100 martial arts athletes, randomly divided into two groups of characteristics without statically relevant differences. The experimental group received weight training, while the control group received no additional intervention to their daily training. Results: The vertical jump in the experimental group increased from 31.24 ± 6.65 cm to 36.00 ± 9.62 cm; the vertical jump in horizontal standing position increased from 195.49 ± 4.16 cm to 196.51 ± 7.49 cm; the approach vertical jump varied from 32.94 ± 9.21 cm to 37.60 ± 11. 50 cm; the jump from the local half squat position was from 34.55 ± 6.40 cm to 40.30 ± 8.14 cm; the maximum force of a squat with weights was from 140.81 ± 10.05 kg to 142.06 ± 10.23 kg; the maximum number of supine leg raises in one minute increased from 43.43 ± 6.15 to 48.05 ± 7.29. Conclusion: Weight training positively influenced lower limb strength in martial arts athletes, whiplash performance was elevated. Weight training is recommended in the daily training of martial arts athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: Acredita-se que o treinamento com pesos nos membros inferiores em atletas de artes marciais possa contribuir para um melhor desempenho do whiplash, um movimento específico que engloba pliometria, equilíbrio e força. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos do treinamento com pesos sobre a força dos membros inferiores em aletas de artes marciais na execução do whiplash. Métodos: Foi conduzida uma experiência controlada envolvendo 100 atletas de artes marciais, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de características sem diferenças estaticamente relevantes. O grupo experimental recebeu treinamento com pesos, enquanto o grupo de controle não recebeu nenhuma intervenção adicional ao treino cotidiano. Resultados: O salto vertical no grupo experimental elevou-se de 31,24 ± 6,65 cm para 36,00 ± 9,62 cm; o salto vertical em pé horizontal elevou-se de 195,49 ± 4,16 cm para 196,51 ± 7,49 cm; o salto vertical de aproximação variou de 32,94 ± 9,21 cm para 37,60 ± 11. 50 cm; o salto da posição de meio agachamento local foi de 34,55 ± 6,40 cm para 40,30 ± 8,14 cm; a força máxima de um agachamento com pesos foi de 140,81 ± 10,05 kg para 142,06 ± 10,23 kg; o número máximo de elevações de pernas supinas em um minuto elevou-se de 43,43 ± 6,15 para 48,05 ± 7,29. Conclusão: O treinamento com pesos influenciou positivamente na força dos membros inferiores em atletas de artes marciais, o desempenho do whiplash foi elevado. Recomenda-se o treinamento de pesos no treinamento diário dos atletas de artes marciais. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: Se cree que el entrenamiento con pesas sobre los miembros inferiores en atletas de artes marciales puede contribuir para una mejor ejecución del whiplash, un movimiento específico que engloba pliometría, equilibrio y fuerza. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos del entrenamiento con pesas en la fuerza de los miembros inferiores en atletas de artes marciales al realizar el whiplash. Métodos: Se realizó un experimento controlado con 100 atletas de artes marciales, divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos de características sin diferencias estadísticamente relevantes. El grupo experimental recibió entrenamiento con pesas, mientras que el grupo de control no recibió ninguna intervención adicional a su entrenamiento diario. Resultados: El salto vertical en el grupo experimental aumentó de 31,24 ± 6,65 cm a 36,00 ± 9,62 cm; el salto vertical horizontal de pie aumentó de 195,49 ± 4,16 cm a 196,51 ± 7,49 cm; el salto vertical de aproximación varió de 32,94 ± 9,21 cm a 37,60 ± 11. 50 cm; el salto desde la posición de media sentadilla local fue de 34,55 ± 6,40 cm a 40,30 ± 8,14 cm; la fuerza máxima de una sentadilla con pesas fue de 140,81 ± 10,05 kg a 142,06 ± 10,23 kg; el número máximo de elevaciones de piernas en decúbito supino en un minuto aumentó de 43,43 ± 6,15 a 48,05 ± 7,29. Conclusión: El entrenamiento con pesas influyó positivamente en la fuerza de las extremidades inferiores de los atletas de artes marciales y elevó el rendimiento de los whiplashs. Se recomienda el entrenamiento con pesas en el entrenamiento diario de los atletas de artes marciales. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos-investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the population densities composition and seasonal change of mosquitoes, and resistance of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus several commonly used insecticides in Zigong, so as to provide a theoretical basis for guiding the scientific rational selection and use of chemical insecticides, as well as the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods The surveillance data on mosquitoes by traps were collected from 2018 to 2020 in Zigong. The wild Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus were collected throughout the city and reared to F1 generation in lab. The resistance of adult Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus to these commonly insecticides was detected by contact tube method recommended. The statistical analysis on the monitoring results was used by Excel 2010. Results The annual average mosquito densities of monitoring sites were 1.11, 10.71, and 4.81 mosquitoes/(lamp·h), respectively from 2018 to 2020. The seasonal density of mosquitoes showed a single peak curve distribution throughout the year from 2018 to 2020 in Zigong, with the highest in July. There were obvious differences in mosquito density between different habitats, with the highest density of mosquitoes in barn. The 24 h mortality of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus to beta-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, malathion, fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, propoxur, and bendiocarb were 70.71% and 3.85%, 26.53% and 1.68%, 19.79% and 1.94%, 40.80% and 0.81%, 97.98% and 3.85%, 100.00% and 7.52%, 100.00% and 66.34%, 96.15% and 33.60%, 100.00% and 71.43%, respectively. The adult Aedes albopictus larvae in Zigong was sensitive to fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, bendiocarb, showed resistance to beta-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, and showed resistance dubiously to malathion and propoxur. The adult Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus larvae in Zigong have developed certain resistance to these commonly insecticides. Conclusion Both Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus had high resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, which suggested that we should strengthen the patriotic hygiene campaigns, reduce pyrethroid insecticides, use alternately different types of insecticides for delay the development of resistance and better mosquito prevention and control.
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BACKGROUND: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in secondary brain edema and injury that may lead to death and disability. ICH also causes inflammation. It is unclear whether inflammation contributes to brain edema and neuron injury or functions in repairing the brain tissue. AIMS: To understand the effect of inflammation in ICH, we have carried out an investigation on the various aspects and the dynamic changes of inflammation. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: An ICH model was generated by injecting 50 microl autologous tail artery blood stereotactically into the right caudate nucleus of 30 rats, which were randomly divided into five ICH groups. Similarly, five Sham control groups were generated by inserting the needle to the right caudate nucleus of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rat behavior was evaluated over the time course (6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 d) in each group. The rats were then killed by administering an overdose of pentobarbital. Following the euthanasia, the brain water content, neuronal loss, glia proliferation, inflammatory infiltration and brain morphology of the rats were measured. Additionally, the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, ICAM-1, VEGF, NF-kappaB, C3 and CR2 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data were analyzed by student's t test. RESULTS: Rat brain water content increased progressively over the time course and reached its peak at 48 h followed ICH. The maximum of inflammatory infiltrate (especially neutrophils) and immunopositive cells of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NF-kappaB, were at 48 h. The expression of C3 and CR2 reached their peaks at 48-72 h, while the expression ICAM-1 and VEGF were at maximum at 72 h followed ICH. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that the inflammatory cytokines, complement system and VEGF may have a function in the development of the brain edema and neuron injury followed ICH.