Tobacco control intervention on vocational school students based on social cognitive theory / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#This study conducted a tobacco control intervention practice on vocational school students based on social cognitive theory, for exploring the practical and feasible tobacco control strategies among students, so as to reduce adolescents’ smoking behaviors.@*Methods@#Cluster random sampling method was used to select students in four vocational schools in Shanghai, which were randomly divided into the intervention group (2 schools 1 003 students) and the control group (2 schools 1 096 students). The intervention was conducted on the intervention group based on the social cognitive theory and lasted for 6 months. The control group was blank. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods were used to evaluate the effect of intervention.@*Results@#After the intervention, in the intervention group, the current smoking rate (2.77%) and the smoking intention in the next 1 year (8.50%) both decreased, the scores of the cognition of the harm of smoking as well as second hand smoking and the attitudes towards tobacco all increased(39.04%, 32.93%), the self-efficacy of refusing smoking increased (88.93%), the social pressure decreased(12.40%), the exposure rate of secondhand smoke in family decreased(35.45%), and the exposure to tobacco control message on media increased (36.68%). The difference was statistical significant compared to the control group (χ2=8.67，19.32，17.87，8.32，13.51，14.71，17.36，20.09，P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The tobacco control model based on social cognitive theory could effectively improve adolescents’ self-efficacy, increase their tobacco-related knowledge, and significantly reduce their future smoking intention and behavior.

Effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin on biofilm formation and virulence factors of Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on biofilm formation and virulence factors of Escherichia coli clinical isolates. Methods: Sub-MICs of CIP were determined using growth curve experiments. The biofilm-forming capacity of E. coli clinical isolates and E. coli ATCC 25922 treated or untreated with sub-MICs of CIP was assessed using a crystal violet staining assay. The biofilm structure of E. coli isolate was assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The expression levels of the virulence genes fim, usp, and iron and the biofilm formation genes of the pgaABCD locus were measured using quantification RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in E. coli isolates and E. coli ATCC 25922. Results: Based on our results, the sub-MICs of CIP were 1/4 MICs. Sub-MICs of CIP significantly inhibited biofilm formation of E. coli clinical isolates and E. coli ATCC 25922 (p < 0.01). SEM analyses indicated that the biofilm structure of the E. coli changed significantly after treatment with sub-MICs of CIP. Expression levels of the virulence genes fim, usp, and iron and the biofilm formation genes of the pgaABCD locus were also suppressed. Conclusions: The results revealed that treatment with sub-MICs of CIP for 24 h inhibited biofilm formation and reduced the expression of virulence genes and biofilm formation genes in E. coli.

Awareness and associated factors of tobacco hazards among middle school personnel in Shanghai / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand current situation of the awareness of tobacco hazards among middle school personnel in Shanghai and to explore its influencing factors,and to provide reference for making targeted measures to control tobacco hazards in schools.@*Methods@#A total of 30 middle schools in Shanghai were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. The questionnaires were used to investigate the smoking prevalence and tobacco hazard awareness of 3 007 faculty members.@*Results@#The total smoking rate of school personnel in Shanghai was 8.25%; the complete correct rate on the harm of smoking and second-hand smoke was only 19.72% and 23.74%, respectively. The correct awareness rate of harm caused by tobacco, such as stroke, osteoporosis and heart disease, was less than 50%. Gender, education level, smoking behavior and tobacco control training were related with tobacco hazards perception level.@*Conclusion@#The smoking rate among middle school personnel in Shanghai has been generally improved, but the faculty and staff have an unbalanced understanding of tobacco hazards. The school's tobacco control education should be targeted. Smoking, men and personnel with relatively low education levels are the key groups in school tobacco control education.

Biomechanical study on side slip and forward slip promotion among children aged 3-5 years / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the forces of lower limbs during side slip and forward slip through biomechanical study, and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of lower limb movements.@*Methods@#BTS SMART DX motion capture analysis system, 8 infrared high-speed cameras, Kistler three-dimensional dynamometer, BTS FREEEMG 1000 portable wireless surface electromyography system were used to collect real-time data of side slip and forward slip. SPSS 20.0 univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences of indicators between different groups.@*Results@#In the side sliding movement, there were significant differences in hip motion (P<0.01) between 3-year-old group and 5-year-old group, hip motion(P<0.01) between 4-year-old group and 5-year-old group, knee motion(P<0.05) and ankle motion(P<0.05) between 3-year-old group and 5-year-old group. There was a significant difference in hip motion(P<0.05) between 3-year-old group and 5-year-old group. The Fx force(P<0.01) and vertical Fy force(P<0.01) in the left and right directions of the 3-year-old group and the 5-year-old group were significantly different in the side-slip movement, while the Fx force(P<0.01) in the right and left directions of the 3-year-old group and the 5-year-old group were significantly different in the forward-slip movement, and the vertical Fy force(P<0.05) was significantly different. There were significant differences in the long head of biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and anterior tibial muscle between 3-year-old group and 5-year-old group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the middle gluteal muscle, gracilis muscle, adductor magnus, pubic muscle, medial femoral muscle and soleus muscle between 3-year-old group and 5-year-old group (P<0.05). There was significant difference in the anterior tibial muscle (P<0.05) between the 3-year-old group and the 5-year-old group in the supporting stage, and significant difference in the gastrocnemius muscle(P<0.05) during the swing stage. There was significant difference in the anterior tibial muscle(P<0.05) between the 3-year-old group and the 5-year-old group in the swing stage.@*Conclusion@#The development of side slip and forward slip in children aged 3 to 5 years old showed that the results suggest motor development increases significantly with age among preschoolers. Rhythmic movements of side slip and forward slip should be selected in the critical period of children’s movement development at different ages, laying the foundation for good physical and mental development.

Comparison of the effect of different concentrations of dezocine for postoperative epidural analgesia after cesarean section / 中国基层医药

Objective To compare the clinical effect and adverse reactions of different concentrations of dezocine epidural anesthesia for cesarean section.Methods According to digital table,120 cases of elective cesarean section were randomly divided into 4 groups with 30 cases in each group, the group D1 was given with dezocine 2.5mg,the group D2 with dezocine 5mg,the group D3 with dezocine 10mg,the group M with morphine 2mg.All the drugs used in postoperative epidural analgesia after cesarean section.To observe resting pain and conduct the VAS scoring at postoperative 4,8,12,24h and record various adveme reactions.Results The VAS scores at postoperative 4,8,12h in the group D1 were lower than those in the D2,D3,M with statistical difference(all P0.05).The VAS scores at postoperative 8h in the group D3 were lower than those in the D2,D3,M with statistical difference(all P0.05).The incidence rates of nause-a and vomiting the group M were higher than that in the group D1,D2 and D3,showing statistical difference among them(P<0.05).Conclusion Appropriate concentrations of dezocine used in postoperative epidural analgesia after cesarean section has definite effect and less adverse reactions.