Interpersonal psychotherapy in the population of adolescents with depression / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#The concepts and theoretical mechanisms of interpersonal psychotherapy are discussed in detail. The review focuses on the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy on depression among adolescents and the expansion of its applications. The feasibility of localized adapted interpersonal psychotherapy interventions in adolescent depression groups is proposed, to provide a reference for the applied practice of interpersonal psychotherapy.

Impact of a schoolbased sexual abuse prevention education program on knowledge and skills among rural children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#This study was designed to evaluate the impact of a schoolbased child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention education on knowledge and skills of schoolaged children in a rural area of China, and to provide a reference for conducting CSA prevention program in the rural area in the future.@*Methods@#Three hundred and sixtyfive schoolage children, recruited from grade 2-5 in 2 rural schools of northeast China, were assigned to a CSA prevention education group or a control group by class. CSA prevention education was implemented by school teachers. Questionnaire surveys were conducted before and after the intervention. To evaluate intervention impact on students’ knowledge and skills, ttest was used to compare scores increment in knowledge and skills between intervention group and the control group.@*Results@#The findings showed that scores in CSA prevention knowledge and skills among children in both groups was significantly improved after intervention. The increment of knowledge and skill scores in intervention group was 3.49 and 1.99, respectively, significantly higher than that of control group(1.05 and 1.11).@*Conclusion@#The present study shows that school CSA prevention education is helpful to improve children’s knowledge and skills of personal safety in the rural area. Schoolbased CSA prevention education methods and evaluation methods needs to be further improved.

Survey report on oral health knowledge among 35-44-year-old individuals in Guangdong Province (2015-2016) / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To understand the level and current status of oral health knowledge among people aged 35-44 years in Guangdong Province and to provide a reference for oral health education in Guangdong Province.@*Methods@#An equal-sized, stratified, multistage, random sampling design was applied to obtain representative sample groups consisting of 288 Guangdong residents aged 35-44 years in four urban areas and four rural areas with a gender ratio of one to one. According to the Guideline of the 4th National Oral Health Survey, a questionnaire survey was conducted, and a statistical analysis of the questionnaire responses related to oral health knowledge was performed.@*Results@#In total, 288 people participated in the survey, of which 95.8 percent were aware that “Oral health is very important to their own lives, and the prevention of oral diseases depends on themselves first”, 76.0% recognized that “Regular oral examination is very necessary”, and 66.7% disagreed that “Teeth were innate and had little to do with their own protection”. The percentages of participants that agreed with the statements “Eating sugar can cause dental caries”, “Oral disease may affect general health”, “Bacteria may cause dental caries” and “Bacteria may cause gum inflammation” were 87.2%, 84.7%, 80.9%, and 80.2%, respectively. However, the rates of awareness that teeth could be protected by fluoride and by pit and fissure sealant were only 36.8% and 18.8%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#General knowledge of oral health care was relatively high among adults aged 35-44 years in Guangdong Province, but knowledge of fluoride, pit and fissure sealing and caries prevention was relatively low. Oral health education should be continuously improved, especially regarding the popularization of oral health knowledge.

Exenatide ameliorates hepatic steatosis and attenuates fat mass and FTO gene expression through PI3K signaling pathway in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease associated with metabolic syndrome and can lead to life-threatening complications like hepatic carcinoma and cirrhosis. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist antidiabetic drug, has the capacity to overcome insulin resistance and attenuate hepatic steatosis but the specific underlying mechanism is unclear. This study was designed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of exenatide therapy on NAFLD. We used in vivo and in vitro techniques to investigate the protective effects of exenatide on fatty liver via fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) in a high-fat (HF) diet-induced NAFLD animal model and related cell culture model. Exenatide significantly decreased body weight, serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, serum free fatty acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels in HF-induced obese rabbits. Histological analysis showed that exenatide significantly reversed HF-induced lipid accumulation and inflammatory changes accompanied by decreased FTO mRNA and protein expression, which were abrogated by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. This study indicated that pharmacological interventions with GLP-1 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for NAFLD.

Analysis of the key networks, metabolic pathways, and regulation substances of hypoxia based on the omics and zebrafish model / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Hypoxia is associated with many complicated pathophysiological and biochemical processes that integrated and regulated via the key gene, protein and endogenous metabolite levels. Up to date, the exact molecular mechanism of hypoxia still remains unclear. In this work, we further explore the molecular mechanism of hypoxia and adaption to attenuate the damage in zebrafish model that have potential to resist hypoxic environment. METHODS The hypoxic zebrafish model was established in different concentration of oxygen with 3%,5%,10%,21% in water. The brain tissue was separated and the RNA-seq was used to identify the differentially expressed genes. The related endogenous metabolites profiles were obtained by LC-HDMS, and the multivariate statistics was applied to discover the important metabolites candidates in hypoxic zebrafish. The candidates were searched in HMDB, KEGG and Lipid Maps databases. RESULTS The zebrafish hypoxic model was successfully constructed via the different concentration of oxygen, temperature and hypoxic time. The activities of the related hypoxic metabolic enzymes and factors including HIF-1a, actate dehydrogenase (LDH) and citrate synthase (CS) were evaluated. Significant differences (P<0.05 and fold change >2) in the expression of 422 genes were observed between the normal and 3% hypoxic model. Among them, 201 genes increased depended on the lower concentration of oxygen. 53 metabolites were identified that had significant difference between the hypoxia and control groups (P<0.05, fold change>1.5 and VIP>1.5). The ten key metabolites were increased gradually while six compounds were decreased. The endogenous hypoxic metabolites of phenylalanine, D-glucosamine-6P and several important lipids with the relevant hub genes had similar change in hypoxic model. In addition, the metabolic pathways of phenylalanine, glutamine and glycolipid were influenced in both the levels of genes and metabolites. CONCLUSION The up- regulation of phenylalanine, D- glucosamine- 6P and lipid may have further understanding of protective effect in hypoxia. Our data provided an insight to further reveal the hypoxia and adaptation mechanism.